Week 7 BI 232

Cranial Nerves

100

List all cranial nerves in order

• CN I - Olfactory nerve: Sense of smell.
• CN II - Optic nerve: Vision.
• CN III - Oculomotor nerve: Eye movement (pupil and eyelid).
• CN IV - Trochlear nerve: Downward/inward eye movement.
• CN V - Trigeminal nerve: Facial sensation and jaw movement (mastication).
• CN VI - Abducens nerve: Lateral eye movement.
• CN VII - Facial nerve: Facial expressions, taste.
• CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve: Hearing and balance.
• CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve: Throat sensation and taste.
• CN X - Vagus nerve: Parasympathetic control of heart, lungs, and digestion.
• CN XI - Accessory nerve: Neck muscle movement.
• CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve: Tongue movement

200

List the 5th cranial nerve's function

Trigeminal:   Sensory: feelings on face/ in mouth.   Motor: mastication

300

You are asleep and awoken by a bright light, what cranial nerve is involved in this sensation?

2-Optic

400

Which cranial nerve slows your heartbeat?

10-Vagus

500

What are the cranial nerves involved in taste?

Vagus

Glossopharyngeal 

Facial

Spinal Pathways

100

Pathways sending sensory information to brain

Spinothalamic, PCML, Spinocerebellar

200

What pathways have 2 neurons in a series

Spinocerebellar

Corticospianl Pathway (Anterior and Lateral)

300

The lateral tract of the Corticospinal pathway controls/innervates the (1) and the anterior tract innervates/controls the (2)

1: the limbs

2: the trunk

400

What pathway decussates in the brain stem? Name the specific part of brain stem.

PCML; medulla oblongata

500

List where each of the pathways decussate.

Spinothalamic: spinal cord

Spinocerebellar: NA

PCML: medulla oblongata 

Corticospinal: lateral: MO, anterior: spinal cord

Spinal cord anatomy

100

Where do we find a collection of cell bodies/synapses in the spinal cord?

gray matter

200

What is the name for a collection of sensory cell bodies? 

dorsal root ganglia 

300

What are the 3 horns?

Anterior(ventral), lateral, Posterior(dorsal)

400

What meninges surround the spinal cord? What meninges surround the dorsal and ventral roots?

1. Dura, arachnoid, pia

2. Dura and arachnoid

500

Where do somatic motor neurons synapse in the spinal cord

Anterior Gray Horn

Reflex Arc

100

Name the only monosynaptic reflex

Stretch Reflex

200

Describe an example of the Golgi tendon reflex. Include its receptor, effector(s), receptor type, and if its reciprocal inhibition or activation.

1. Carrying a couch and needing to let go

2. Receptor: biceps; Effector: activating biceps and inhibiting triceps; Receptor type: mechanoreceptor;  Reciprocal activation

300

Type of receptor for Flexor Withdraw and Crossed Extensor

Nociceptor

400

What reflexes have reciprocal inhibition? Describe what RI is.

Flexor withdrawal, crossed extensor, and  stretch

500

Give an example of an intersegmental reflex and an intrasegmental reflex and explain the difference between the two.

Intersegmental reflex: crossed extensor

Intrasegmental refelx: withdrawal

Inter- allow for more complex and stronger reflexes compared to intra-

Glial Cells

100

On average, which cell (Schwann or Oligodendrocyte) myelinate more axons? 

Oligodendrocytes: can myelinate 30-60 different axons

Schwann cells: myelinate one axon in the PNS

200

What are the 2 glial cells in the PNS and what are their functions?

Satellite: collect leaker K+ and NTs in PNS, surround cell bodies to create a barrier and protect DNA 

Schwann: myelinates axons

300

What do ependymal cells produce and where does it go?

Ependymal cells line cavities within the CNS and help produce CSF. CSF is found in the choroid plexuses, the central canal, the ventricles, the subarachnoid space, and arachnoid granulations.

400

What cell type composes the BBB

Astrocytes

500

What are the 4 glial cells in the CNS and what are their functions?

Astrocytes: maintain BBB, oligodendrocytes: myelinate neurons in CNS, ependymal: line CNS areas and produce CSF, microglia: destroy pathogens