Nah I think you're just acting hormonal, here's a drug it.
Wait... you don't have both parts?
Defense Mechanism: grab em' by the thymus.
Parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormone are the same thing right? right???
I be stressed.
100

This drug is a synthetic analogue of T4

levothyroxine

100

This enzyme converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone 

5alpha-reductase

100

These are the spinal levels of the thyroid gland

What is C5-T1

100

This is the most common cause of hypothroidism in developed countries

What is hashimotos thyroiditis

100

Increased cortisol causes?

-lipolysis or lipogenesis 

-glycogenesis or gluconeogenesis 

-proteolysis or protein anabolism 

-pro-inflammatory processes or anti-inflammatory processes 

lipolysis 

gluconeogenesis 

proteolysis 

anti-inflammatory processes 

200

These drugs mimic endogenous pyrophosphate, an endogenous bone resorption inhibitor. Bind to hydroxyapatite and inhibit bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors, thus leading to an indirect increase in bone mineral density. 

Bisphosphonates

200

This x-linked recessive sexual development disorder is due to a mutation in the androgen receptor gene on the X-chromosome, resulting in cryptorchidism, normal looking external female genitalia, and the absence of a uterus and fallopian tubes. 

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome 

200

This is the origin of the inferior thyroid arteries

What is the thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian arteries 

200

This enzyme is responsible for the oxidation and organification of Iodide

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)

200

The hypothalamus produces _______ which causes the pituitary to produce ______ which causes the adrenals to produce _______.

The hypothalamus produces CRH which causes the pituitary to produce ACTH which causes the adrenals to produce Glucocorticoids.

300

This drug Inhibits TPO to reduce thyroid hormone production, and also inhibits 5'deiodinase which blunts peripheral conversion of T4->T3

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

300

This sexual development disorder is characterized by a defect in the migration of the olfactory placode neuron and GnRH neurons, resulting in decreased/absent sense of smell and decreased GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus. 

Kallmann syndrome or hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

300

The inferior parathyroid gland arises from this embryoligc strucuture

what is 3rd pharyngeal pouch

300

In primary hypothyroidism, you would exepct to see these levels of TSH and T3/T4 (high or low?)

TSH High, T3/T4 Low

300

name the four pathologic conditions that can cause hypercortisolism.

Exogenous hypercortisolism due to excess glucocorticoid use

Adrenal adenoma 

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas 

Ectopic ACTH-producing tumor 


400

A patient with a history of arrythmias develops symptoms of hyperthyroidism. They were likely taking this drug to control their arrythmias

amiodorone

400

Testosterone, stimulates the growth and differentiation of the ______ ducts. At the same time, antimüllerian hormone produced by testicular Sertoli cells causes atrophy of a second set of ducts, the _____ ducts.

Wolffian

müllerian

400

This is the path of both reccurent laryngeal nerves

left recurrent laryngeal wraps around aortic arch, right recurrent laryngeal wraps around subclavian artery

400

In hypothyroidisim what is the effect on serum cholesterol and why?

Hypercholesterolemia due to decreased expression of LDL receptors in the liver

400

These two causes of hypercortisolemia result in low ACTH levels. 

Adrenal Adenoma 

Exogenous hypercortisolism due to excess glucocorticoid use

500

This drug inhibits 11 beta hydroxylase, preventing the conversion of 11 deoxycortisol to cortsiol

metyrapone

500

The ovaries have three cell types. Name each cell type and what each specifically produces. (for example, the testes have Leydig cells that produce testosterone) 

Ovaries have three cell types: germ cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells. The germ cells produce oogonia. The theca cells synthesize progesterone, while the follicular cells produce estrogens

500

If you are preforming a tracheotomy, you need to be aware of the prescence of this structure

What is Thyroid ima artery

500

When parathyroid hormone binds to osteoblasts what is the result?

osteoblasts produce RANK-L which binds to RANK on osteoclasts and increases their activity therfore increasing bone resorption

500

A patient is given a low and high dose dexamethasone test. Their results are listed below. What is the cause of their hypercortisolemia? (Hint: it's not due to excess glucocorticoids)  

Low dose dexamethasone test: High Cortisol 

High dose: High Cortisol. High ATCH. 

Ectopic ACTH producing tumor