Strepsirrhine Characteristics
Grooming Claws
- derived trait
- elongated nail that hooks like claw, to clean themselves and get food
- in the second digit of each foot
Lemurs
- only primates in Madagascar, thus very diverse
- communicate via scent glands all over body
- live in simple groups with uncomplicated dynamics
- size ranges from mouse to big house cat
- some are highly seasonal breeders (one breed has 6h yearly window)
Vision and Smell
- diurnal (thus trichromatic)
- have a fovea (indent in retina at the back of the eye that allows them to see details close up)
- they have short snouts with "dry nose"
Location, Diversification
- South + Central Americas
- aka New World Monkeys
- only non-human primates there, and as such they are very diversified
Both (nose, premolars, size + sexual dimorphism, vision)
- includes humans
- distinctive "teardrop shaped" nostrils that face downward
- one fewer premolar than most other primates
- largest + most sexually dimorphic
- most developed trichromatic vision
Tooth Comb
- incisor teeth are elongated and smoothed together
- used for grooming and to get insects off of tree bark
- most strepsirrhine have 6 teeth in this comb
Lorises, Pottos, Galagos
-basically in all equitorial areas
- share environments with monkeys and apes, thus they are less diverse (no way to fill ecological niches)
Size, Locomotion
- generally larger than Strepsirrhine, most are quadrupedal
- generally live in groups
Characteristics (noses, tails, size + weight, dental formula, sexual dimorphism, vision)
- flat, wide noses, with wide, round nostrils
- prehensile tails have tactile pads at end
- 2.1.3.3
- smaller than catarrhines, weigh under 30 kg (66 lbs)
- not very sexually dimorphic
- mid, polymorphic color vision (dependant on if they are heterozygous or homozygous for seeing color)
Cer.: Leaf Monkeys (location, diet, natal coats, noses)
- mostly in Asia
- mostly arborial, thus mostly folivores (some eat seeds)
- infants with natal coats (fur that is different then that of their parents, so they are more visible to mother)
- silly noses
Rhinarium
- primitive mammalian trait
- wet nose
- they rely on their sense of smell rather than vision to mark territory and find mates
Tarsiers: location, vision, feet + ears size, diet, size of social circle
- Southeast Asia
- superb eyesight (eyes bigger than stomach/brain) (they are nocturnal, and compensate with their eyes, their skulls look crazy lol)
- have a postorbital plate
- elongated feet, large ears
- they eat insects
- live in small groups
Golden Lion Tamarins
- silky blond-ish hair
- highly hunted for pets/as trophies
Cer.: Cheek-pouch Monkeys (location, diet, cheeks)
- mostly in Africa, but kinda everywhere
- mostly terrestrial, thus more frugivorous or omnivorous
- can pack food in cheeks and run from predators
Scent Marking
- for communication
- rubbing scent glands or urine onto things
- strepsirrhine groups communicate in less complex manners socially (not grooming each other or vocally communicating, etc.)
Infraorder Tarsiiformes
- only survivors
Pygmy Marmosets
- smallest monkey in the world
- they screech very loudly
Proboscis Monkeys
- Example of silly noses
- trade-off: small brains so they can digest food (at times they have 25% of body weight in stomach)
Tapetum Lucidum
- primitive mammalian trait
- reflexive tissue at back of eyeball that allows for better night vision
- causes "eye shine"
- they are mostly nocturnal
Hap. vs. Strep. vs. secret 3rd thing debate
Hap.: dry noses, a fovea, no tapetum lucidum
Strep.: only type of hap. that does cling-leaping, they are nocturnal
Unique: two grooming claws (one on each foot), can rotate head 180°, faunivorous diet (only eat other animals), they hunt small pray (usually not primate behavior)
Spider Monkeys
- long tail
- some of the largest monkeys in the Americas
Chacma Baboons + Stump-Tailed Macaques + Mandrills
Chacma Baboons: complex behavior, live in vast types environments, eat anything, capable of fighting in groups
Macaques: stuff food into cheeks if they see predator, live on an island making survival hard due to humans
Mandrills: largest + most colorful, live in groups of hundreds, Congo River Basin, large verity in diet