blood vessel anatomy
name for innermost lining of blood vessels and what it consists of
tunica intima
-endothelium
-internal elastic membrane
define viscosity
the harder it is for a liquid to pour
-the stickier the liquid
--syrup versus water
what is MAP and it s equation?
Mean arterial pressure
MAP = DP + 1/3PP
DP= diastolic blood pressure
PP= pulse pressure
Venae Cavae has the highest _____
vessel diameter
what is the formula for blood flow (F)
F = change in Pressure/ Resistance
name for lining in the middle of innermost and outermost lining of blood vessels and what does it consist of
tunic media
-smooth muscle
-elastic fiber
what is peripheral resistance
the opposition to flow of blood vessels. is a function of vessel radius, vessel length, and blood viscosity
What are the two kinds of pressure that drive fluid movement?
Hydrostatic pressure (HP)- due to fluid pressing against a boundary (capillary wall). HP pushes the fluid across the boundary. In blood vessels it's due to blood pressure.
Osmotic pressure (OP) - due to nondiffusible solutes that cannot cross the boundary. OP pulls fluid across the boundary. In blood vessels its due to plasma proteins
Elastic arteries have the highest _____ , ______ & ______ for oxygenated blood
vessel diameter, average blood pressure, and velocity of blood flow
what increases peripheral resistance
vasoconstriction, increased blood viscosity, longer vessel length
outermost lining of blood vessels and what does it consist of
tunica externa
has collagen fibers, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum floating around.
what are the three main things that directly influence blood pressure
cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume
what is the equation for Partial Pressure
PP = SP - DP
SP= systolic blood pressure
DP= diastolic blod pressure
capillaries and venules have very low _____, _______, & ______
vessel diameter
total cross sectional area of vessels
velocity of blood flow
explain the relationship between vessel length and peripheral resistance (PR)
the PR increases with longer vessel lengths
--think of it as the longer the blood vessel the longer to take too get where its going
The PR decreases with shorter vessel lengths
What is the thickest lining of an artery?
tunica media
define diastolic blood blood pressure and systolic blood pressure.
Tell me which goes on top systolic/diastolic or diastolic/systolic
diastolic blood pressure- minimum pressure while your heart is relaxed in between beats
systolic blood pressure- maximum pressure while your heart is contracting to pump blood
systolic/diastolic 120/80
name the hormone mentioned in class that decreases blood pressure
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - decreases peripheral resistance (vasodilation)
name 2-3 blood vessels with the lowest blood pressure
venae cavae
veins
venules
During skeletal muscle contraction, how do the venous valves prevent backflow of blood?
Venous valves close below the contracting muscle so that blood cannot flow backward when pressure rises. This ensures that blood is only pushed toward the heart.
During contraction, the valves below close and the valves above open, directing blood upward toward the heart. --known as the skeletal muscle pump essential for venous return
what is the thickest lining of a vein?
tunica externa
define continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid capillaries
continuous- has a complete basement membrane, an intact intercellular cleft, and a thick endothelial layer (tunic intimate)
Fenestrated- is the same as continuous besides the fact that it has fenestration/ holes throughout the tunica intima
Sinusoid- incomplete basement membrane, intercellular gap
Looking at 2 people with blood pressures of 150/70 for person A and 140/60 for person B. Who needs has hypertension?
Both! any systole reading over 130 is considered high blood pressure.
anything over 120 is considered pre-hypertensive
Arterioles have a higher velocity of blood flow than the venae cavae T or F
F, its lower - arterioles have a much bigger cross sectional area which slows blood flow
name all of the hormones mentioned in class that increase blood pressure
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) - increases HR and contractility, increases peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction)
Angiotensin II - increases peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - increases peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction), increases blood volume (water loss)
Aldosterone - increases blood volume thru decreased salt and water loss.