Name the Scientist!
Robert Koch:
A. developed the microscope
B. discovered the first vaccine
C. developed the germ theory of disease
d. observed fungi and created drawings
C. Remember Koch's Postulates!
Microorganisms play a role in:
A. Disease
B. Biodegradation
C. Cheese Production
D. A & C
E. All of the above
E. It helps to go down the list and put checks next to answer choices you think are correct.
What is the term defined as "both hydrophobic and hydrophilic"?
Amphipathic
Eukaryotes have ____ in their membranes, contributing to the stability and fluidity at lower temperatures. Prokaryotes do not have this in their membranes.
A. hopanoids
B. sterolsC. peptidoglycan
D. peripheral proteins
B. One exception to this is Mycoplasma, which has no cell wall, and is a bacteria that requires sterols to stabilize their membranes. However, prokaryotes do not have sterols.
What is Romina's favorite bacterial shape?
Vibrio
Pasteur:
A. discovered the first vaccine
B. created the link between microbes and diseaseC. disproved spontaneous generation
D. both A & C
C. Not all "both __ & ___" choices are correct!! Sometimes they will just be there to throw you off. :)
Prokaryotes do NOT have:
A. flagella
B. ribosomes
C. cell walls
D. Genetic information
E. A nuclear membrane
E. Prokaryotes do NOT have membrane-bound organelles!
The cell membrane is also considered a part of the ____ ____ model.
Fluid mosaic
TRUE or FALSE
Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
FALSE. What do they have instead?
What is the bacterial shape defined as "Organisms that are variable in shape"?
A. Mycelium
B. Spirochetes
C. Pleomorphic
D. Tetrads
C
Joseph Lister is associated with:
A. fermentation
B. vaccines
C. aseptic surgery
D. antibiotics
C. Remember LISTERINE = cleanliness = aseptic
Name the two most common bacterial shapes.
Cocci and rod (bacillus)
What are the two membrane proteins part of the cell membrane?
A. Integral proteins and transport proteins
B. Integral proteins and peripheral proteins
C. Peripheral proteins and transport proteins
D. Hydrophobic proteins and Transport proteins
B.
TRUE or FALSE
Archaea can have both bilayers and monolayers of membranes.
TRUE. This makes them very unique!
What is the simplified equation for figuring out the surface area and volume ratio?
3 divided by the radius
Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato provided evidence for:
A. Cellular Immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Vaccination procedures
D. Phagocytic cells
B. Humoral immunity is also known as antibody-based immunity. You will learn more about this at the end of the semester in the immunology chapters.
What is unique about endospores?
A. They can live inside your body.
B. They are found in bathrooms.
C. They can survive harsh conditions.
D. They are easily eradicated.
C
What do bacterial cells have instead of sterols?
(Hint: They are considered sterol-like molecules.)
Hopanoids
State the main difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Include their respective colors under a microscope after applying staining techniques.
Gram-positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan layers in their cell wall and stain purple, since they are not easily decolorized during the procedure. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer peptidoglycan (also have a thick periplasmic space) and stain pink under a microscope.
TRUE or FALSE
Archaea have ether bonds.
TRUE. Every other microbe has ester bonds.
Which disease did Edward Jenner provide the vaccine for?
Smallpox!
Why is agar the best medium for growth and most commonly used in Petri dishes?
Answers can be: remains solid at high temperatures, cannot be broken down or metabolized by microbes, media solidifies due to the presence of agar, it is a polysaccharide/sugar, different concentrations can be used to provide proper isolation to microbial colonies based on their different needs for oxygen
Which structural component of a bacteria aids in attachment to surfaces?
A. Fimbriae
B. Inclusions
C. Pilli
D. Flagella
E. Both A & C
F. All of the above.
E. Pili also aid in conjugation and transformation.
Bacteria contain ___S ribosomes with a large 50S subunit and a smaller 30S subunit, while Eukaryotes contain _____S and have a 60s subunit and a 40S.
70, 80. Of course, eukaryotes will always be the larger of the two!
Organic compounds
Anything that must be supplied by the environment and cannot be made naturally
Amino Acids
Vitamins
Heme
Purines & Pyrimidines