Clavicle, SC, AC Joint
What is the only true articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton?
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint.
What are the two heads of pectoralis major?
Clavicular and sternocostal heads.
What does Real Tarheels Drink Cold Beer stand for?
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches
What fibrocartilaginous ring deepens the glenoid cavity?
Glenoid labrum.
What bone is considered the stabilizing bone of the forearm?
Ulna.
What two ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament?
Conoid and trapezoid ligaments.
What are the primary actions of pectoralis major?
Adducts and medially rotates the humerus; also assists with flexion.
The cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their relationship to what structure?
Axillary artery.
What nerve is particularly vulnerable to a surgical-neck fracture of the humerus?
Axillary nerve
What structure connects the radius and ulna along their shafts?
Interosseous membrane.
What occurs in a 1st-degree AC joint injury?
The AC ligament is stretched or has a minor tear but remains intact.
What muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts?
Pectoralis minor.
What are the five major terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.
A midshaft humeral fracture can damage what nerve and produce what clinical sign?
wrist drop.
From lateral to medial, what are the three major contents of the cubital fossa?
Biceps tendon → brachial artery → median nerve.
What occurs in a 2nd-degree AC joint injury?
The AC ligament ruptures and the AC joint subluxes.
What are the three branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?
Subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex, and posterior humeral circumflex arteries.
What nerve innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve.
In what direction do most traumatic shoulder dislocations occur?
Anterior-inferior.
What type of fracture occurs at the distal radius following a FOOSH and produces dorsal displacement?
Colles fracture.
What occurs in a 3rd-degree AC joint injury?
Both the AC and coracoclavicular ligaments tear, producing a shoulder separation/dislocation.
What structure surrounds the axillary artery and brachial plexus in the axilla?
Axillary sheath.
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the arm, and what artery accompanies it through the radial groove?
Radial nerve and profunda/deep brachial artery.
What three structures may be damaged during an anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation?
Glenoid labrum, anterior joint capsule, and subscapularis tendon.
What characteristic deformity is associated with a Colles fracture?
Dinner-fork deformity.