Ideologies
What is hedonism?
The human being is two things: an immaterial spirit and a material body
Material object of ethics
What are voluntary human actions?
This is the sum total of conditions where there is nothing more you could desire
What is "happiness"?
a self-evident truth that serves as a starting point for our reasoning
What is a first principle?
Separates religion/metaphysical questions from “real life”
What is secularism?
Everything the complex human being does is explained by reducing it to the simpler, more fundamental "parts" of a person, and how they interact
What is reductionism?
First principle of Ethics
"Do good, avoid evil"
The general, inherent (intrinsic) character of mankind (from Latin for “birth”)
What is "nature"?
the subject matter of a science; what the science studies
What is the material object?
Excessive emphasis on the passions, over and against reason (“reason stifles natural feeling”)
What is romanticism?
All events are inevitable, caused/determined by preceding events and physical laws within nature
What is determinism?
Formal object of ethics
What is whether voluntary acts lead to happiness?
The action of directing the mind or attention to something
What is an "intention"?
an organized body of knowledge
What is a science?
Excessive emphasis on reason (reason cut off from outside influence); distrust of passion/desire
What is rationalism?
Everything, including human consciousness, is a product of matter and material processes
What is materialism?
To say that Ethics is a science with standards or norms is to say that it is this
What is "a normative science"?
That which is conducive to happiness; fitting to one’s nature
What is good?
the angle or point of view from which the subject matter of a science is studied
What is the formal object?
Emphasis on the priority of the individual, and not on objective human nature: "you pick your path to fulfillment"
What is individualism?
The human being is one thing, with a body and a soul
What is hylomorphism?
Ethics teaches us that these goods are more satisfying than goods of the body
What are "goods of the soul"?
The ultimate end for human persons
What is happiness?
the final end that lies beyond all others
What is "the ultimate end"?