Week 5
Because DNA polymerases can only synthesize DNA in the 5′→3′ direction, this strand is synthesized discontinuously as short fragments.
What is lagging strand
This is a name for the strand of DNA used as a template to produce an RNA strand.
What is the antisense strand?
Assists in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins.
What are molecular chaperones?
This type of RNA molecule serves as the physical adaptor between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence during protein synthesis.
What is tRNA
This exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase removes incorrectly paired nucleotides during replication to improve accuracy
What is 3′→5′ proofreading exonuclease activity
It’s the average nucleotide sequence after many sequences with the same function are compared.
What is the consensus sequence?
The enzyme that pairs and attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.
What is aminoacyl –tRNA synthetase?
This feature of the genetic code, in which multiple codons specify the same amino acid, helps reduce the impact of point mutations on protein function.
What is degeneracy of genetic code
This repair pathway removes bulky DNA lesions like thymine dimers by excising a short single-stranded segment containing the damage.
What is nucelotide excision repair
It’s the subunit of the transcription factor TFIID that recognizes the TATA box.
What is TBP or TATA-binding protein?
The site on the ribosome where the charged tRNA enters during protein elongation.
What is the A site (aminoacyl site)?
This enzyme adds the A nucleotides to the 3’ end of RNA when transcription is terminated.
What is poly-A polymerase of PAP?
These specialized DNA–protein complexes protect chromosome ends from degradation and prevent them from being recognized as DNA breaks.
What are telomeres
These RNAs are responsible for RNA splicing and complex with protein subunits to form the core of a spliceosome.
What are snRNAs or small nuclear RNAs?
The mechanism that detects when an mRNA has a stop codon in the wrong place and destroys defective mRNA to prevent the synthesis of truncated proteins.
What is non-sense mediated mRNA decay?
These are two types of splicing errors.
What is exon skipping and cryptic splice-site selection?
Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5′→3′ direction, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously, requiring repeated synthesis of short fragments initiated by RNA primers and later joined by this enzyme.
What is DNA ligase?
This phosphorylated part of the RNA polymerase II acts as a scaffold for transcription elongation factors, spliceosome components, and cleavage factors.
What is the CTD or C-terminus domain?
In eukaryotic translation initiation, this complex is capable of tightly binding the small ribosomal subunit without the entire ribosome formed.
What is methionine-charged initiator tRNA bound to eIF2–GTP?
Some tRNAs require accurate base-paring only at the first two positions of the codon and can tolerate a mismatch at the third position.
What is wobble base –pairing?