Molecules
Macromolecules that are a major source of energy
What are carbohydrates?
This type of energy refers to what energy is available for a chemical reaction to proceed.
What is the Gibbs free energy?
This structure of a protein is the arrangement of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
What is the primary structure?
This atom has a high electronegativity resulting in this type of bond.
What is polar bond?
These two carbon atoms (the numbers) in the deoxyribose molecule are very important in DNA replication.
What are the 3' and 5' carbons?
This macromolecule has three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol.
What is a triglyceride?
This energy is needed in order for a reaction to proceed. Enzymes help to lower this energy.
What is the activation energy of a reaction?
Disruption of these bonds leads to denaturation of a protein.
What are secondary and teritary bonds?
In this type of bond, the positively charged nucleus of one atom is attracted to the charged electron of another of the same atom.
What is a hydrogen bond?
The molecule the enzyme reacts with.
What is the substrate?
A molecule that has a hydrophiic part and a hydrophobic part
What is an amphipathic molecule?
This part of the enzyme is specific for every enzyme.
What is the active site?
This part of the amino acid distinguishes one amino acid from another.
What is the R group?
The specific type of bond in water molecules.
What is a polar covalent bond?
This type of inhibition results from an effector binding away from the active site.
What is a noncovalent inhibitor?
This type of fatty acid has double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
This type of regulation works by an effector molecule binding AWAY from the active site.
What is allosteric regulation?
Peptide bonds are formed by a condensation reaction between these functional groups in amino acids.
What are the carboxyl group and the amino group?
This type of reaction uses water to break apart bonds.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Surface tension in water is due to this property.
What is cohesion?
This type of molecule, found in the cell membrane, has nonpolar tails and a hydrophilic head.
What is a phospholipid?
With this type of inhibitor, the effect of the inhibitor can be overcome by adding an excessive amount of substrate.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
This protein structure refers to the arrangement of different protein subunits in complex proteins
What is the quaternary structure?
Animals cannot hydrolyze the glycosidic binds in this very abundant carbohydrate.
What is cellulose?
These two scientists used electric sparks for what type of demonstration
Who are Miller and Urey?
They used simple chemicals to see if macromolecules could form.