The Renaissance
Humanism
The Middle Ages and the Black Death
Renaissance Art
Important Figures
The Age of Exploration
Vocabulary
50
Why was the Renaissance named the Renaissance? What significant meaning does the word convey?
The Renaissance means "rebirth" in French since it was the revival of antiquity and modern arts. The Renaissance was named rebirth because it was the revival of classical ideas, science, literature, and classical learning. This enabled new perspectives and new possibilities that could be possible. As European scholars became more aware and interested in the world around them, this sparked the beginning of modern history.
Did you know? The term "Renaissance" was coined in the 19th century by the French historian Jules Michelet, who saw it as a time of revival and rebirth of the classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
50
What was humanism? How does it connect to the Renaissance?
Humanism is our acceptance and acknowledgment of the worth of an individual in understanding their worth and potential. During the Renaissance, art shifted to a more humanistic view as we began to see the value within a human. People began to further explore the worth and potential of an individual, and this was represented through the arts during the Renaissance.
50
Why was the Middle Ages also known as the Dark Ages?
The Middle Ages are often times also referred to as "the medieval ages" or "the dark ages". This name was given by Petrarch but is still debated to this day. This name is given because there wasn't a lot of recorded history during this period, but also how the Middle Ages was a dark period in history filled with disease, war, and ignorance.
50
Artists took inspiration from various different sources. Can you list some examples?
Renaissance Artists mainly took inspiration from classical antiquity- from ancient Greece and ancient Rome and different places like the Islamic world, the far East, and the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia in Iraq. People like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero were also large inspirations.
50
I drew the Mona Lisa, and The Last Supper. I possess a variety of different skills including art, engineering, and astronomy. Who am I?
Leonardo Da Vinci.
50
What does expansionism mean?
A government policy encouraging territorial or economic expansion to other countries, often by force. This can be compared to imperialism, however, they are not the same.
50
We have discussed a lot about worldview during social studies and the past year. What does worldview mean, and how was it transformed during the Renaissance period?
Worldview is somebodies perception of the world- shaped by their beliefs, and what they think the meaning of life is. The Renaissance period mainly saw a shift from a religious-centered worldview, to a more humanistic-centered worldview. The Renaissance also saw a revival of scientific inquiry, the development of new technologies, and increased exploration and cultural exchange, all of which contributed to a new and more dynamic understanding of the world.
100
What was the Renaissance? What significance does this time period hold, and how does it affect modern society?
The Renaissance was a time period in European history that transitioned us from medieval society (middle ages), onto the bridge to modern times into a more modernized society filled with scientific arts and new technological advancements. With the revival of classical learning, new perspectives, and many more, the Renaissance was a turning point in European worldview as people began to be aware of the world, and question things surrounding them through philosophy.
100
What is individualism? Compare this to collectivism.
Individualism is the idea that each person is unique and has a lasting potential that stands behind their beliefs, thoughts, and values. This idea dominated during the Renaissance as humanism took over, and allowed for great artistic and cultural achievements during the Renaissance.
100
When did the Middle Ages take place?
The middle ages took place from the late 5th to the late 15th century. The middle ages is divided into 3 main sections: The Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages.
100
Which biblical figure is the subject of famous sculptures by both Michelangelo and Donatello?
The Statue of Nude David!
100
I am an explorer who first discovered North America. I sailed on behalf of Spain through my voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Who am I?
Christopher Columbus
100
There are 3 major factors that motivated Europe to explore new lands. What are they?
Economic gain, pride, glory, and the spread of religion are the main influence. Other reasons may include curiosity and political reasons. This all comes together :
Glory, Gold, and Religion
100
What does mortality mean? How does this connect to the black death?
Mortality means the state of being subject to death. Mortality rate means the death rate, and the number of deaths compared to the size of the population. During the black death, we saw a high mortality rate of roughly 30-60% and cut the world population by half.
150
Why do you think the Renaissance was known as an information age?
Due to the emphasis on education during this time, the invention of the printing press, and the dissemination of new concepts and information through literature and visual arts, the Renaissance is regarded as an information age.
150
Humanists began to see new potential for human individuals. They had many ideas and perspectives in understanding the value of an individual. Can you list some of the values and ideas associated with humanism?
Some of the ideas included :
- Human beings can use the power of reason, that is, thinking to find truth for themselves.
- It is important for a person to have an open, curious, and questioning mind.
- People can achieve great things through learning.
- Individuals should be skilled in many different areas. They should develop not just their minds but also their bodies and spirits.
There are more. What are your thoughts?
150
What were some of the biggest shifts from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance period?
The main shift was the shift from a religion-focused society to a humanistic-focused society. During the Middle Ages, we can tell a lot from art and different artworks which told us about their vision of god and religious topics. In the Renaissance, we saw a shift to humanism and more philosophical ideas.
150
Describe art from the Middle Ages. How do they compare to the Renaissance?
Renaissance better represented a more realistic and naturalistic representation of the world as the shift to humanism became more apparent. They used new techniques to better make art have more perspective, gave 3D representations, and many others. On the other hand, art from the middle ages well depicted religious themes like Christ, and even ugly babies.
150
I am a poet known for Romeo and Juliette, and many other plays, sonnets, and narrative poems. From romance to comedy, to history- I cover it all. Do you know who I am?
William Shakesphere
150
European explorers had a vision of exploring a new vast continent known as the Americas. They labeled this continent what?
The New World
150
What were indulgences?
Indulgences were a way for the Catholic church to increase their income by selling what they propose to be a method to "reduce the amount of punishment somebody undergoes because of their sins".
200
When did the Renaissance approximately take place?
The Renaissance took place from the 14th to 17th centuries. Many point fingers at the Black Death for the major shifts of medieval society to the Renaissance.
200
Who is Francesco Petrarch? What role did he play during the Renaissance?
Francesco Petrarch is an Italian Scholar who was first to deem the Middle Ages "the Dark Ages". He laid the foundation of humanism during the Renaissance, and some may label him the "father of the Renaissance", though this is still being debated. He began to see flagellants and saw that there must be a way for us to both love god, while also loving ourselves as well.
200
Feudalism was a political/social system seen during medieval society. What is the concept of feudalism, and what are some benefits and negatives of feudalism?
The feudal system was a political and social system that flourished during the medieval period where serfs provided food, in exchange for land (from nobles) and military protection (from the knights). Kinda a win-win situation! But, the down sides come as it wasn't fair for the serfs. They were restricted of their rights. During the Renaissance, we saw less of the feudal system being imposed.
200
Discuss: Why should we examine art when exploring historical events like the Renaissance and the Middle Ages?
Discuss for a chance to earn your group some points.
We should examine art because it tells us a lot about worldviews at the time. Take for instance art from the Middle Ages. We saw a focus on religious aspects, compared to humanistic aspects during the Renaissance. Art itself can tell us a lot about beliefs, and what life was like at the time from the people who lived then.
What are your thoughts?
200
WE are a wealthy merchant who invested in and supported the rise of new arts and architecture throughout the Renaissance. We played a key role in the development of modernized banking and finance. Who are we?
The Medici Family
200
Why did Europe want to find new trade routes to Asia? What was the biggest reason for their motives?
Europe mainly wanted to find new trade routes to Asia to better access their glory. They possess large amounts of spice, silk, and precious metals which could be sold for huge amounts of money. If Europe could find a better way to access China, India, and other Asian countries- they can be making huge profits.
200
What were the flagellants? What did they do?
Following the black death, many believed that the plague was a punishment from god. To try to gain forgiveness for their sins, flagellants would go around the streets hitting themselves as a way of punishing themselves to try to seek forgiveness.
250
What was the impact of the Renaissance on science and medicine? Connect this to the scientific revolution, and our understanding of iconic scientific figures during the Renaissance like Kepler, Copernicus, and various others.
Although we haven't widely discussed this in class, give some ways on how the Renaissance may have shaped science.
The Renaissance played a huge role in the formation of the scientific revolution. During this time, people had questions about the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, and sought to advance their understanding of the world through observation, experimentation, and invention. This led to new discoveries and advancements in various scientific fields like astronomy, physics, and anatomy. Additionally, the use of the printing press helped to spur the spread of ideas and understanding of our scientific knowledge.
250
What were some of the major shifts of education and literature during the Renaissance?
Prior to the focus of Humanism, education was focused on religious studies and the works of ancient philosophers. But, humanism encouraged and influenced a new approach to learning the topics of classical literature, history, and language as well as the development of critical thinking and reasoning skills. This new system enabled individuals to better learn the importance of individualism, creativity, and personal expression.
250
How did people believe that the black death spread? In reality, how did it really spread?
People thought that the black death was a punishment from god, and was a case of bad odor. In reality, it was spread by black rats from fleas which could be transmitted to humans.
250
What were some common techniques that Renaissance artists used? List at least 3 different techniques that could be seen in Renaissance art.
The main technique used in Renaissance art contrasted with Middle Ages art perspective, Chiaroscuro (light and shadow), Sfumato, new anatomy, underpainting, glazing, symmetry from math, linear perspective, and many others.
250
Who am I? What major contributions did I make to the Renaissance?
Thats Galileo, the inventor of the telescope helped to further back the heliocentric theory.
250
Share your ideas : Gold, glory, and religion. Which do you think was the most important, which do you think Europe had the biggest ambitions for?
Interesting ideas!
250
People were forced to pay taxes to the Catholic Church. These taxes were called what?
Tithes
300
This Italian city-state was a hub of artistic and intellectual activity during the Renaissance. This was where the Renaissance started. What city is this referring to?
Venice, Italy. This was deemed the starting point for the Renaissance period.
300
What did the Catholic Church think of the ideas relating to humanism? Did they support it? Did they oppose it? Were their opinions mixed? Give supporting details and information.
The Catholic Church and their opinions were mixed. They supported new Renaissance art and ideas, but they also were opposing against their ideas because it was a challenge which went against their ideas and traditional teachings.
300
What were the crusades? How did they affect society in the Middle Ages? How did this impact the Renaissance?
In the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, Christians and Muslims engaged in a series of religious conflicts known as the Crusades. The Crusaders sought to retake the Holy Land from Muslim control and seize control of significant pilgrimage locations, including Jerusalem.The Middle East had possession of advanced technology which was far beyond Europe at the time, and this may have exposed Europe to new ideas which then sparked the Renaissance period.
300
What was art like during the Renaissance? Describe the overall art style during the Renaissance, and what it was like, and what the artists were trying to depict. What new styles of art were implemented?
During the Renaissance, it was then where classical learning was revived and renewed. We could see art trying to portray new nature and humanistic form art styles which focused on new properties of artwork like perspective, and symmetry. This perspective gave the artwork a new 3D perspective and convincing illusion. Throughout the Renaissance, we saw more realistic paintings which depicted real-life.
300
Martin Luther played a large role in the Renaissance. But, what exactly did he do?
A German professor is regarded as the father of the protestant reformation. He challenged the Roman Catholic Church and the sale of indulgences and challenged their beliefs.
300
Christopher Columbus traveled west hoping to reach India through the Atlantic ocean, but, they miscalculated something and ended up in a new location. What error had been made? Where had they ended up instead?
Columbus miscalculated the circumference of the earth and ended up in North America- a continent that they hadn't known existed right in between Europe and Asia.
300
What is perspective (in art)? Where can we begin to see new perspectives during the Renaissance?
Perspective is a technique used in art and architecture to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
350
What was the Roman Catholic Church like during the Renaissance? What were their worldviews? What ideas and worldviews did they oppose, and which ones did they support?
They had mixed opinions regarding different patrons of the Renaissance. They supported many great works of Renaissance arts, while also opposing many new ideas and innovations that were emerging. As they saw the rise of humanism, they saw the opportunity to abuse their power and suppress certain aspects. Certain discoveries like the heliocentric theory, and Galileos ideas of the solar system were heavily opposed and suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church.
350
Isotta Nogarola is cited as the first prominent female humanist. What did she do? What legacy does she still have to this day?
She is an Italian humanist who advocated for women's rights by challenging the conventional views of women, promoting education for women, and arguing for their equal treatment and rights. This soon left a legacy in the present day with the modern women's movement.
350
What is chivalry? What was the truth behind chivalry?
In the Middle Ages, knights lived by a code of honor. It was characterized by valor, respect for women, and honor. The chivalric ideal emphasized the need for knights to treat others with courtesy, compassion, and strict moral principles. The reality of chivalry, however, was frequently far from the ideal, and knights occasionally acted egotistically and abused their position of authority to oppress the less powerful members of society. However, chivalry may have given knights too much honor, which drove them to engage in reckless behavior.
350
How did architects and mathematicians apply both of these concepts in developing modern architecture? What major shifts in architecture did we see?
Math was mainly used for symmetry, proportion, classical forms, decoration, and new materials. They applied math to these techniques to ensure even new techniques. They incorporated elements like columns, pediments, domes, and arches into their designs because they were influenced by the architectural principles of classical Greece and Rome.
350
I first discovered the heliocentric theory and has inspired the works of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. My theory has been made controversial by the catholic church. Who am I?
Nicolaus Copernicus
350
What are some examples of some important inventions which made the Age of Exploration possible? List at least 5 examples.
Ships, the compass, maps, printing press, caravel (new ships), bilge pumps, cross-staff, and many others.
350
What is the study of astronomy? What major concept related to astronomy was discovered during the Renaissance?
Astronomy in simple terms is the study of space and celestial bodies within. (CalvinX). The biggest concept that came from the Renaissance relating to astronomy was the heliocentric theory, which was the theory that all the planets orbited around the sun instead of the earth.
400
What are some events that shaped the Renaissance? Name at least 3 different events that played a role.
The Inventing of the Printing Press, the Black Death, the growth of humanism, the protestant reformation, and many others. How many can you name?
400
"The dignity of man consists in his being a man, and not in his being the highest or the only creature to whom God has given reason." - Pico della Mirandola, Italian Renaissance Humanist and Philosopher.
Discuss : What does this quote mean to you? There are no wrong or right answers. Share for an opportunity to obtain bonus points for your team! :)
This quote means that the value and worth of an individual come from how they're human, not their status or possession of reason. It highlights the notion that just by virtue of being a person, everyone possesses inherent worth and dignity.
400
Discuss : What do you think life would be like if the black death never existed?
There is no exact answer. Share your opinions and get a chance to earn your team some extra points!
Thank you for sharing.
400
What does antiquity mean? How does it relate to the Renaissance and Renaissance Art?
Antiquity means to be "old or ancient", and during this historical period, the revival of classical learning and cultural achievements were rediscovered and had a profound influence on art- and this resulted in the rebirth of antiquity.
400
I started the Age of Exploration and sailed on behalf of Portugal. I also began the process of European colonization and the transatlantic slave trade. I perfected sailing techniques like navigation, sailing, and mapping. Though navigator is in my name, I'm not exactly a navigator- but one who sponsored ones. Who am I?
Prince Henry (Zhang) the Navigator.
400
What were the 4 biggest nations that contributed the most during the Age of Explorations? Which had the biggest ambitions of developing new colonies? What geological advantage did they have?
Mainly Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Because they were right by the coast, they were able to send explorers out to sea.
400
What does reformation mean? How does this relate to the Protestant Reformation?
Reformation means making changes in order to improve it. In the protestant reformation, the word "reform" comes as protestant leaders wanted to reform the catholic church and their practices and beliefs.
450
What is philosophy? How does it relate to the topics covered in the Renaissance?
Philosophy is enabling us to ask fundamental questions like "who are we", and "why are we here" in better enabling us to better understand ourselves, and our world. As secularism took over, people began to ask bigger questions following the revival of classical learning.
450
"The aim of education is to enable individuals to continue their own education." - Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch Renaissance Humanist and Scholar.
What does this quote mean to you? CAn you connect this to our modern day education system?
This quote means that the purpose of the education system is not to just give students knowledge and skills, but to equip us with what we need to continue to learn and grow throughout our lives.
450
What was the worldview of Europeans at the end of the Middle Ages?
People's actions were greatly influenced by their concern for the punishment they might receive in the afterlife and their desire to earn salvation. As the black death dominated most of Europe near the end of the Middle Ages,By the end of the Middle Ages, superstition and religion were widely accepted, and the Church's influence was felt in all aspects of daily life. The devastating Black Death epidemic served to increase people's fear and reliance on the Church for salvation. But, this enabled people to better question their world, and ultimately lead to the peasant revolt.
450
What are some examples of some important inventions which made the Age of Exploration possible? List at least 3 examples.
Ships, the compass, maps, printing press, caravel (new ships), bilge pumps, cross-staff, and many others.
450
I sailed for Portugal and sailed from Lisbon to the Cape of Good Hope. Who am I?
Bartolomeu Dias
450
What does it mean to circumnavigate? How do the theory of Aristotle (flat world) and Ptolemy (round world) change exploration?
Circumnavigation is the act of moving around a body, usually a planet like the Earth. Greek astronomer Ptolemy proposed that the world is a sphere, in contrast to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle's view that it is flat. Due to the improved accuracy of distance calculations and voyage planning made possible by Ptolemy's theory, this shift in perspective allowed for more extensive exploration. As a result, explorers were able to go farther and uncover new lands and cultures, which helped them comprehend the world and its geography better.
Using this theory that the earth was round, we can accurately use magnitude and longitude to better navigate ourselves mainly on voyages.
450
What does allegiance mean? How did this correlate to the Renaissance?
Ever heard of the phrase "play allegiance to the United States of America?". Allegiance means the loyalty that an individual owes to a particular political or religious entity, which in this case, would be the Roman catholic church.
500
Leonardi Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo, and many other historical figures in the Renaissance were considered a "Renaissance man". What exactly was a Renaissance man?
Do you remember this song? A Renaissance man is a person with many talents, interests, and abilities. An example is Da Vinci-with talents in art, mathematics, engineering, theory, science, and various others.
500
How is Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation linked to the ideas of humanism?
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation were influenced by the ideas linked to humanism like individualism, critical thinking, and the value of education. Luther challenged the Catholic Church and their authority through the Protestant Reformation which emphasized personal interpretation, and marked a shift that shaped humanistic principles as we know of it today.
500
Compare and contrast: How does a feudal and democratic society compare? How are they different, and how are they similar?
They are different and similar in many different aspects. Some differences include :
· In a democratic society, those who are in power is whoever is elected by the people. In feudal society, they are held by a group of nobles.
· In a democratic people, people have the ability to advance. In the feudal society, if you're a serf, you are a serf for life.
· Justice system and law enforcement is very different.
But, they also have a lot of similar traits.
· Military services are offered to its citizens.
· Economic exchange is the foundation.
Can you name any others?500
This masterpiece created on the roof of a chapel located in the Vatican was :
- named what?
- created by who?
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michaelangelo.
500
What was a pope, and what did they do? Can you list any specific Popes from the Renaissance period?
A pope was the head of the Roman Catholic Church and held religious authority over its followers. Some examples of Popes who lived during the Renaissance period were Pope Julius II, Pope Leo X, Pope Paul III, Pope Gregory XIII, and various others.
500
Imperialism and expansionism had large effects on Indigenous communities across the globe. Explain what impacts may this have caused.
Europeans brought disease to Indigenous communities, and mass-assimilation attempts under-went as Indigenous people were met with violence and enslavement as many Indigenous languages to this date are lost.
500
What does secular mean? How does this relate to the Renaissance?
Secular is the condition of being seperate from any religion or religious matters. As humanism dominated the Renaissance, we saw a more secular approach as we focused less on religion and the focus on god, but rather the worth of an indivisual.
550
The Bridge of Modern Times was a bridge that connected medieval society to modern society. That bridge is considered the Renaissance. Recalling from that, what are some major shifts that came from the Renaissance?
- Gun powder and new weaponry enabled exploration and helped them to defeat nobles. New weapons sparked imperialism.
- Invention of the printing press enabled ideas to spread more easily. This fluroished literature, and education.
-Voyages of discovery mainly to Asia and the New World. This sparked the Age of Exploration.
-New ideas about religion, and the new learning art, education, and learning. Secuarlism dominated as we saw more of humanism
550
This is the Arnolfini Portrait
This portrait symbolizes humanism, but the symbols itself isn't immediately obvious. What symbols within the image do you think represents humanistic ideas?
The convex mirror in the background is believed to symbolize the spectators gaze and the idea of self-reflection. The gestures and clothing may carry hidden messages, as they belly represents fertility or the power of the merchants household.
550
How did religion or spirituality affect people’s values and behavior in medieval/feudal times? Connect this to the Catholic Church.
Religion and spirituality were important factors in influencing people's values and behavior during the medieval/feudal era. Religious customs and beliefs were ingrained strongly in daily life, and the Catholic Church wielded considerable power and influence. People's actions were greatly influenced by their concern for the punishment they might receive in the afterlife and their desire to earn salvation.
550
This famous Renaissance painter, known for his contributions and creations of"David" and "Judith and Holofernes", is who?
Donatello
550
Discuss : Which one of these Renaissance thinkers do you think contributes the most to the formation of modern society? There is no wrong or correct answer.
Share your answers for a chance to earn your group some points.
Thank you for sharing!
550
The original trade network spanned from eastern China in Xi'an to Constantinople located in Turkey. This network of trades has been used for over 1,500 years. This trade route is known as the...
The Silk Road
550
What is a clergy member, and what do they do?
lergy members are basically members of the church who conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination.
650
Compare and contrast: How was education similar and different from before, during, and after the Renaissance? Looking at the education system today, how has that shifted?
Before the Renaissance, education was each about religious and classical studies. The Catholic Church was in charge and scholars were substantially tutored the workshop of ancient Greek and Roman proponents. still, during the Renaissance, the focus shifted towards rediscovering ancient knowledge and the appreciation of classical studies. The class came more different and practical, with subjects similar as history, mathematics, and wisdom being included. The scientific revolution and Enlightenment further impacted education by emphasizing the significance of empirical observation and reason. Fast forward to moment, education has come much more inclusive and different. We now place a lesser emphasis on subjects like social lores, humanities, and the trades. And let's not forget the impact of technology, with online literacy and digital coffers getting an essential part of education.
650
This is the School of Athens.
How does this symbolize humanism? Be careful- this may not be as obvious as it may seem!
The picture shows ancient thinkers like Plato and Aristotle debating the nature of knowledge, reason, and the search for truth. They stand in for the humanistic values of reason, knowledge, and the quest of truth.
650
What impact did the Bubonic Plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, have on the world?
The world was significantly affected by the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death. According to estimates, up to 200 million people—roughly one-third of the world's population at the time—were killed in Europe and Asia during the 14th century. The bubonic plague had profound effects on society, causing significant changes in the population and labor force, the economy, and the power structure. Additionally, it had a significant psychological effect, escalating fears of dying and adding to a general feeling of instability and unease.
With so much death, people began to question the world around them. The peasant revolt, may have been the biggest factor of the shift of the middle ages to the Renaissance period. Other societal changes include population decline, outages and famines, trade decline and inflation (like COVID), and a loss of title from the church.
650
This is an important piece of artwork created by Michaelangelo named the "Creation of Adam"
. What do you think it resembles?
This resembles life being passed on to humanity as Adam is leaving his connection with god. This marks the beginning of a new journey for mankind as we are sent to live in the independent world by ourselves- without a god to visibly be there with us.
650
The Scientific Revolution, though not discussed in class as much, is a series of events that transformed modern science, and developed new theories revolving around math, physics, science, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. Name at least 3 important figures that played a role in the scientific revolution.
Galileo, Issac Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Boyle, Pascal, Hooke, and many others. How many are you able to name?
650
Which explorer was the first to establish a sea route to Asia? For which European country did he sail?
Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama established the first sea route to Asia.
650
What is urbanization? How does it relate to the Renaissance?
Both as a cause and a result of the cultural and economic changes that occurred during this time, urbanization had a significant impact on the Renaissance. Cities developed into hubs of business, trade, and industry, luring people in search of better living conditions and job opportunities, fostering literary, artistic, and scientific advancements, and serving as a forum for the exchange of knowledge.
700
How did the Renaissance influence the development of the modern banking system? make the answer sound like human
During the Renaissance, the management of money underwent some drastic changes. Trade and commerce were booming, and merchants were becoming MEGA RICH. One of these innovations was the double-entry bookkeeping system, which allowed for better records of financial transactions and what money went in, and what went out. This reduced fraud, and mismanagement.
700
How did humanism contribute to the development of modernity and the formation of the modern world? Can you give an example of humanistic ideas today?
There is no wrong answer!
The humanistic approach mainly focuses on individualism, reason, and the value of a proper education. This enabled democracy, and the development of other literature, modernized arts, philosophical ideas, and new spurs of ideas. This has helped to shape modern society by changing worldviews and enabling people to see the true potential of a person.
700
What was the role of the Catholic Church in the response to the Black Death in Europe and how did it shape the people's perception of the Church and its authority, both in the short term and in the long term?
There is no single answer as the church took multiple approaches to the plague. But, the black death made people lose trust in the church as they took this opportunity to sell indulgences. They claimed that it was because of your sins, and tried to take the plague as an opportunity to obtain extra sources of revenue. This neglect from the church led to the Renaissance, and the reformation.
700
What was Linear Perspective?
Developed during the Renaissance, Linear Perspective was a new technique (illusion) used by artists to create a more 3-dimensional look on a 2-dimensional surface.
700
The Medici Family invented double-entry bookkeeping. This new system enabled what in finance?
Double-entry bookkeeping is a system of accounting that involves recording all financial transactions in two separate accounts. This system allows for better accuracy, transparency, and accountability in record-keeping and helps to prevent errors and fraud.
700
An Italian explorer who was recruited by Prince Henry the Navigator led the first European expedition to North America since the Vikings. He arrived at the eastern coast of North America, likely Canada by the eastern coast of Newfoundland. Who am I?
John Cabot.
700
Feudalism and democracy is an example of 2 different political systems. Can you name another political system that was seen during the Renaissance? How did the political system function?
City-states: governments lied within the city, oligarchies: governments ran by a group of people, republics: governments run by elected officials, and many others.
Discuss : for an opportunity to earn extra points, discuss which political system you believed to be the most efficient. Why?