payment for losses suffered during war usually paid by the losing side
What is Reparations
100
Europe had two main goals: to prevent Germany from waging war in the future and severely punish Germany, Wilson (Big 4) wanted something different
What is Paris Peace Conference tensions
100
member of the ‘Big Four’, wanted to create the League of Nations to settle disputes, prevent wars between nations, and protect the independence of nations
What is Woodrow Wilson
100
a pol. Ideology where an individual citizen is subordinate two the interests of the State or society. It emphasizes the need for strong central gov. led by a dictatorial ruler. A type of totalitarian gov.
What is Fascism
100
led the SS and the Gestapo and Einsatzgruppen
What is Heinrich Himmler
200
Russian czar during WWI no military experience but he insisted on commanding army
What is Nicholas I of Russia
200
led the small Marxist party in Russia called the Bolsheviks, dedicated to carrying out a violent rev. to overthrow Russia’s capitalistic system and new dem. Gov.
What is V.I. Lenin
200
recognized the Vatican’s sovereignty in Rome, gave money to the church, recognized Catholicism as Italy’s official religion
What is Benito Mussolini-
200
the Soviet Union set up economic goals for five-year periods to transform the USSR from an agriculture to an industrial economy
What is Five- year Plans
200
a series of laws that deprived German Jews of their citizenship and basic rights
What is Nuremburg Laws
300
(climate of fear) the Cheka (secret police). Sought out anyone who opposed communists, used fear and violence to do so
What is Red Terror
300
plan for a two front war (1905), Germany planned to quickly attack and defeat France. Then focus all its troops on Russia in WWI
What is Vonschlieffen Plan
300
a system where gov. takes over all private farms and has the peasants work the land in collective farms
What is Collectivizations
300
a gen. who revolted against Spain’s democratic gov. along with the mil. His nationalist forces seized Madrid. After this, the civil war ended, he set up an authoritarian regime and ruled as dictator until 1975
What is Francisco Franco
300
known as the night of shattered glass, a night when Nazis destroyed Jewish synagogues and businesses throughout Germany
What is Kristallnacht
400
council representing workers and soldiers that popped up throughout Russia, in response to the refusal of the Russian gov. to pull Russia out of war
What is Soviets
400
banks, factories, and farms were used to serve the communist war effort during the Russian civil war
What is War communism
400
their art expressed their revulsion for what they saw as important in life
What is Dadaism
400
a committee that controlled the policies of the communist party
What is Politburo
500
WWI=total war, each country was required to fully mobilize its people and resources, millions of men were drafted
What is Total war
500
- a war (common in WWII) in which each side tries to wear the other side down with constant attacks and heavy losses
What is War of attrition
500
- the US’s absence hurt the League of Nations creditability and effectiveness. The League’s members failed to use mil. Force 2 counter acts of aggression by Germany, Italy and Japan
What is Failure of the league of Nations
500
the general secretary after Lenin; started the 5-year planes and collectivization