The Renaissance
This country is where the Renaissance is generally believed to have begun.
What is Italy?
The Seljuk Turks, who posed a serious threat to the Byzantine Empire, established this type of government during the Crusades.
What is a Sultanate?
This legal requirement ensures that an estate is passed down in its entirety from one generation to the next, usually to the eldest child.
What is primogeniture?
This ancient monastic practice involved abstaining from meat, typically as a form of penance or spiritual discipline.
What is abstinence?
This young boy, typically around seven or eight years old, began his training to become a knight as part of the feudal system.
What is a page?
This monarch reversed the moderate religious policies of Elizabeth I, leading to further tensions between Protestants and Catholics in England.
Who is James I?
This 1544 law declared that the English monarchy could control the succession, asserting the right of the monarch to determine the heir to the throne.
What is the Act of Succession 1544?
During the Renaissance, this philosophy emphasized the value of human experience and the pursuit of personal achievement, often connected with the display of wealth.
What is Humanism?
The Byzantine Empire needed assistance from the West during the early Crusades, as this external force was threatening their territories.
Who are the Moslem invaders?
The three main obligations a vassal owed his lord, including ransom, dowry, and hospitality, were collectively called this.
What are feudal dues?
This type of monk, as opposed to a hermit, lives in a community setting such as a monastery.
What is a cenobite?
This long series of religious wars resulted in increased trade, the exchange of knowledge, and shifts in military tactics.
What are the Crusades?
Known as "The Lord Protector," this figure ruled England after the execution of Charles I and the abolition of the monarchy.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
This 1598 decree, issued by Henry IV of France, granted religious tolerance to French Protestants, also known as Huguenots.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
Wealthy individuals during the Renaissance often competed to fund the best works in these areas.
What is Education and Art?
This crusade established Latin kingdoms and the Knights Templars and the Knights
What is the First Crusade?
This term refers to a piece of land granted to a vassal by a lord in exchange for military service.
What is a fief?
This is the formal promise made by a monk or nun to God, often involving vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
What is a vow?
During the Renaissance, this institution lost much of its power and influence in the face of growing secularism.
What is the Church?
This monarch's policies and actions led to the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in his overthrow and the ascension of William of Orange.
Who is James II?
This doctrine, often associated with monarchs in the early modern period, argues that a king’s power comes directly from God.
What is Divine Right?
This period began around 500 AD and lasted until roughly 1500 AD, characterized by the dominance of feudalism and a rural, agrarian economy.
What are the Middle Ages?
The Second Crusade was primarily motivated by the fall of this important city
What is Edessa?
The formal ceremony where a vassal pledges allegiance to his lord is known as this.
What is homage?
This part of the monastery was typically an enclosed courtyard used for prayer, meditation, and processions.
What is a cloister?
This European city, known for its canals, was the starting point for the Fourth Crusade.
What is Venice?
During the English Civil War, this group, consisting of Puritans and other Parliamentarians, fought against the Royalist forces known as the Cavaliers.
Who are the Roundheads?
This council served as an advisory group to the English monarch, particularly with regard to matters of state and governance.
What is the Privy Council?
The opening of new trade routes during the Crusades introduced Europeans to new cultures and this—one of the results—was a renewed interest in ancient knowledge.
What is the contact with more advanced civilizations?
After the Holy Lands were lost, these regions were taken over by Muslims, notably the Moors, during the Middle Ages.
What is the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa?
This concept refers to the responsibility of the aristocracy to care for the peasants under their control.
What is noblesse oblige?
This term refers to the special clothing worn by monks and nuns.
What is a habit?
This term refers to the political system where a monarch holds supreme and unchallenged authority, often centralized in the hands of one ruler.
What is Absolutism?
This revolution of 1688 resulted in the overthrow of James II and the installation of William and Mary as joint monarchs, affirming parliamentary sovereignty.
What is the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
This term refers to the financial control of the government, particularly the power of Parliament to grant or withhold funds.
What is the Power of the Purse?