Rose to power in 48 B.C.E. and declared himself dictator for life in 44 B.C.E., but was assassinated by conspiring senators on the Ides of March of that same year.
Who is Julius Caesar?
100
Christian religious leader who emphasized the universality of his faith and provided precise doctrinal teaching and an efficiently structured organization.
Who is Paul of Tarsus?
100
Muhammad's daughter, from whom the Shi-ites trace the proper line of caliphs.
Who is Fatimah?
100
Abbasid caliph who ruled from Baghdad (786 - 809) and whose life is celebrated in "Arabian Nights."
Who is Harun al-Rashid?
100
University of Paris scholastic professor who wrote the brilliant but unconventional treatise, "Sic et Non."
Who is Peter Abelard?
200
The greatest Roman Stoic believed that virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal.
Who is Cicero?
200
This Christian religious leader emphasized the theological concepts of human sinfulness and God's omnipotence (all-powerfulness).
Who is Augustine of Hippo?
200
A virtuous Roman wife who committed suicide rather than live with the dishonor of being raped by an Etruscan prince.
Who is Lucretia?
200
Muhammad's father-in-law and first "caliph," or deputy, of the Muslim community in the aftermath of the Prophet's death in 632.
Who is Abu-Bakr?
200
Dominican monk and leading theologian at the Univeristy of Paris who wrote the compendium, "Summa Theologiae."
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
300
Elected to the consulship for the first time in 107 B.C.E., he expanded the potential pool of soldiers by abolishing the property-owning requirement.
Who is Marius?
300
Church Father who translated the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin--known as the Vulgate.
Who is Jerome?
300
Astute and determined Roman empress who helped her husband reassert Roman control over Italy and parts of North Africa.
Who is Theodora?
300
Muslim poet whose "Rubaiyat" celebrates life and love with lush sensuality.
Who is Umar Khayyam?
300
Earliest practitioner of the scholastic method, he gained fame by advancing the ontological proof of the existence of God.
Who is Anselm?
400
Part of the first triumvirate who challenged Julius Caesar for sole power in Rome but lost his life when he fled to Alexandria and was murdered there.
Who is Pompey?
400
Alexandrian bishop who supported the idea, later determined to be heretical, that Jesus was part of God's creation, and shared the divine essence, but was not coeternal with God.
Who is Arius?
400
Student of university professor who saw their romantic relationship cause him to fall out of favor with the local Parisian authorities and eventually to be forced out of his prestigious position at the university.
Who is Heloise?
400
Cordoban scholar whose insightful comments on Aristotle's works informed much of medieval Christian scholasticism.
Who is Averroes (Ibn Rushd)?
400
Spellbinding preacher and Christian mystic who helped grow the Cistercian order from 5 to 343 houses in just under forty years.
Who is Bernard of Clairvaux?
500
A Roman tribune elected in 133 B.C.E. who pressured the Roman Senate to limit land holdings to 300 acres per citizen, but was murdered for his trouble.
Who is Tiberius Gracchus?
500
Church Father who espoused the belief, reinforce by the Council of Nicaea, that Jesus was fully human and fully divine and coeternal with God the Father.
Who is Athanasius?
500
Medieval German nun who was the first known female playwright.
Who is Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim?
500
Great Muslim philosopher and physician from Bukhara who wrote the authoritative medical textbook, "Canon of Medicine."
Who is Avicenna (Ibn Sinq)?
500
A Castilian theologian and diplomat, he founded the Order of Preachers, which attempted to convert Jews, Muslims, and pagans to Catholic Christianity.