Renaissance
What does the word “Renaissance” mean?
Rebirth
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Which country explored Brazil?
Portugal
Who was known as the “Sun King”?
Louis XIV
Who proved the sun is the center of the universe?
Copernicus
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo da Vinci
What document did Luther nail to the church door?
The 95 Theses
Who “discovered” the Americas in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
What is divine right?
Belief that monarchs get power from God
Who invented the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
Who wrote The Prince and said “the ends justify the means”?
Machiavelli
What were indulgences?
Pardons sold for forgiveness of sins
What was one main motive for exploration?
Gold, God, and Glory
What was the Glorious Revolution?
Peaceful overthrow of King James II by William and Mary
Who believed people are naturally good with natural rights?
John Locke
What was Humanism focused on?
Study of human nature and worldly life
Who founded the idea of predestination?
John Calvin
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases
Which Russian czar introduced westernization and a beard tax?
Peter the Great
Who argued for separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Which powerful Italian family supported many artists?
The Medici family
What was the English Reformation mainly about?
Henry VIII’s split from the Catholic Church over divorce
Which two countries dominated early exploration of South America?
Spain and Portugal
What does constitutionalism mean?
Power shared with or limited by elected representatives
Who argued that people are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler?
Thomas Hobbes