Famous Figures
Name one famous artist from the Renaissance period
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Botticelli, Rubens, Van Eyck Brothers, Raphael, etc.
What was one cause of the Renaissance?
Black Plague, Crusades, European Wars, Feudalism, Catholic Church corruption
What was order of the social hierarchy in the Middle Ages?
Monarchs, Lords, Knights, Peasants
What were the three major Italian cities involved in the Renaissance
Florence, Rome, Venice
Who invented Calvinism?
John Calvin
Who was the first queen that King Henry VIII wanted to divorce and left the Catholic Church for?
Queen Catherine of Aragon
How did Queen Elizabeth deal with the aftermath of Queen Mary's Bloody Persecution?
Created the religion of Anglicanism- a blend of Catholic and Protestant religions
Why did the Italian rulers try to avoid wars and battles and avoid hiring the condottieri?
Because the rulers were mostly wealthy tradespeople/ businessmen and they didn't want to spend money on wars and lose labour
Which country became the dominant global power at the end of the Renaissance and who was the monarch at the time?
What is the difference between Protestantism and Catholicism?
Catholicism accepts tradition, scripture and church teachings as religious sources and has Pope at the head
Protestantism only sees Bible as religious source and has no Pope
Who was Pope Alexander VI and what is he known for?
Widely thought of as the most corrupt Renaissance Pope- had a mistress, bribed the Cardinals to appoint him, funded his son's war campaign
What happened as a result of the Anabaptists taking the city of Münster?
Protestants and Catholics united to drive them out of the city, resulting in them leaving for the Americas and the creation of Amish, Mennonites, etc.
What did Cosimo de Medici do to keep power and popularity in Florence?
Taxed the wealthy, funded the arts and scholars, paid for public festivals and city repairs
What is one advantage each of the major Italian cities had at the time of the Renaissance?
Florence- central Italy, trade hub, wealthy bankers and merchants who wanted peace, supported scholars
Rome- home of Catholic Church, surrounded by history and wealth
Venice- trade hub on the coast, stable government
What is Justification by Faith?
Belief that people could be made good by God's love and mercy, which is given in return for faith
What happened on October 31, 1517 in Wittenberg?
Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door and marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation
What is Humanism and what is Individualism?
Humanism- belief in developing human ability and recognizing self-worth
Individualism- emphasized the dignity and worth of each person (importance)
Why did the Pope deny King Henry VIII petition for a divorce?
Catherine was the aunt of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles who the Pope relied on for protection because Rome was part of the Roman Empire
What happened in Geneva in 1541?
John Calvin and his Consistory set up a theocracy and made Geneva the 'City of God'
What happened at the Council of Trent?
Decided the official Catholic canon/traditions/rules
What art style is Peter Paul Rubens known as a master of?
Baroque
What areas of life changed as a result of the Renaissance and Reformation
Religion, Education, Social Hierarchy, Arts, Beliefs about the Self, etc.
Who were the official government leaders in Rome, Florence and Venice?
Rome- Pope and Holy Roman Emperor
Venice- Doge and Council of Thirty
Florence- Signori (made up of wealthy merchants and bankers)
Catholic- Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Hungary, Poland and southern Germany
Protestant- northern Germany, Britain (England was a blend), Low Countries, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Geneva in Holy Roman Empire
What happened at the Peace of Augsburg and what was the result?
Princes in Holy Roman Empire chose their official state-religions hoping it would end the fighting- it did not work