Show:
Expansion
Expansion 2
Populists/ Innovations
Innovations
Monopolists/Immigration
100
After the Civil War, three groups of Americans settled in the West. Name two of those three groups
Miners, Ranchers (cowboys), farmers (homesteaders
100
The expansion of railroads after the Civil War was helped by two groups: the national government and immigrants. Explain how both groups helped expand railroads
The national government gave millions of acres of land grants to complete the transcontinental railroad in order to connect the East with the West; Chinese and Irish immigrants built the western and eastern legs of the transcontinental railroad
100
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882; Prejudice against “new immigrants” by demanding quotas to limit the number of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe are all examples of this anti-immigration movement
What is Nativism?
100
Four major industries helped push the USA into an Industrial Revolution during the Gilded Age. What were these four R.O.S.E. industries?
Railroads Oil Steel Electric
100
Monopolists like Carnegie and Rockefeller justified their wealth and power using a number of arguments. Pick two of the following and explain them: (a) Gospel of Wealth, (b) Social Darwinism, (c) laissez-faire policies
(a) Social Gospel is the idea that God wants some people to make a lot of money so they can give back through charity to make the world a better place; (b) Social Darwinism is natural selection and evolution. This idea states that strong, efficient companies will survive and weak companies will die. (c) Laissez-faire means that the national government does not regulate companies and stays “hands off.”
200
Which group of Western Americans most used the "open range" and was hurt by the introduction of barbed wire?
Ranchers (cowboys)
200
Name three ways western expansion during the Gilded Age impacted Native Americans (Plains Indians)
U.S. Indian policy changed from a huge “Indian Country” to small reservations as Americans took more lands, Indians were asked to assimilate (convert) to white culture; Indians and Americans clashed in a series of wars (Little Big Horn and Wounded Knee); Americans destroyed the supply of buffalo
200
One of the reforms proposed by the Populist Party was bi-metalism. What is bi-metalism and what it the advantage for Populists?
Using both gold and silver as money (rather than just the gold standard). Bi-,metalism would lead to inflation of the money supply which would help western farmers (the majority of the Populists were western farmers) pay off their debts easier
200
A company that controls all or most of an industry
What is a monopoly?
200
During the Gilded Age, 23 million “new Immigrants” came to America. What is a “new” immigrant?
Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe (specifically Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Poland) rather than Northern Europe (England, Ireland, and Germany…which were always the dominant immigrant groups from the colonial era to the Civil War).
300
This law gave 160 acres of western land who promised to live off of the land for at least 5 years
What is the Homestead Act
300
What was the final Indian battle in American history? (Hint: in 1890, the U.S. military slaughtered over 200 Sioux after the Indians’ refusal to end their “ghost dance” rituals)
The Battle of Wounded Knee
300
Who were the Populists and name two things they demanded during the Gilded Age?
Populists were a political party made up mostly of western farmers. Among their demands were: government regulation of railroads and banks, a national income tax, direct-election of U.S. Senators, bi-metalism (gold and silver currency).
300
What industries were Carnegie, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller involved in?
Steel Railroads Oil
300
Immigrants came to New York through this processing center
What is Ellis Island?
400
An African American who moved from the Jim Crow south into the west
What is an Exoduster
400
Western farmers faced serious problems during the Gilded Age, which led to the Populist movement. Name two problems faced by western farmers after the Civil War
10. Crop prices were falling, farmers were overproducing (by farming too much, their crops were losing value), banks charged high interest rates (sometimes as high as 40%), railroads charged high fees, the government deflated currency by destroying “greenbacks” (paper money), and politicians ignored them
400
A presidential candidate in the 1896 election. He represented both the Democratic and Populist Parties. His “Cross of Gold” speech made him a national figure in the argument for a bi-metal (gold and silver) money system. He lost to McKinley in 1896.
Who was William Jennings Bryant?
400
During the Gilded Age, businesses were changing. What is a “trust” and a “holding company”?
(a) A trust is a company run by a board of trustees which is a group of stockholders who help manage the company (rather than the owner). Because most of the monopolies that formed in the Gilded Age were run by boards of trustees, the term “trust” became synonymous with the term “monopoly” (b) a holding company owns other companies and controls them through a common board of directors. This is common among companies that merged
400
Name three ways cities changed during the Gilded Age
25. Skyscrapers expanded the height of cities, urbanization led to the growth in size, immigration led to the growth of cities; mass transit (subways, elevated railroads, trolley cars) were added because cites were too large to walk, suburbs grew around the central business district of cities, ethnic neighborhoods (enclaves) were formed among immigrant groups, slums grew, tenement apartments were built for poor immigrant workers, crime and disease increased as cities grew larger
500
Name two ways railroads changed from the era before the Civil War to the Gilded Age?
Railroads became transcontinental Time zones Refrigerated cars Vanderbilt Monopoly First Big buisiness
500
Who were the Grangers?
An early attempt by farmers to organize; Grangers demanded bank and railroad regulation and tried to set up co-op stores and silos; they were unsuccessful but helped lead to the formation of the Populists
500
Two part question: (a) One of the reasons for the boom in industry during the Gilded Age was invention. Name two new inventions of this era. (b) Which American was so famous for his inventions that he earned the nickname the “Wizard of Menlo Park”?
(a) Electric light bulbs, phonograph, audio recorder, cash registers, typewriters, telephone, Bessemer process to make steel, assembly lines, the first airplane, first car; (b) Thomas Edison
500
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical integration?
(a) Companies used horizontal integration to buy similar companies to reduce competition; (b) Vertical integration allowed companies to buy companies that supply raw materials or transportation for their products
500
An apartment built for poor immigrant workers; Typically, were low-rent, poorly constructed, and subject to fires and spreading of diseases
What is a tenement?