Filtration
These two types of filtration is commonly used in municipal water systems to remove large particles from raw water before it undergoes further treatment.
Coagulation and flocculation
This is the primary chemical compound added to water for fluoridation, used to prevent dental cavities.
Sodium Fluoride
What valve can release energy created by water hammer?
Pressure relief valve
What are the four types of water storage?
In-ground, ground level, elevated, and hydropneumatic
This term refers to any physical or mechanical connection between the potable water supply and a non-potable source, potentially allowing contamination to occur.
cross-connection?
A typical material used in rapid sand filters, designed to trap particles as water passes through.
Sand
The optimal concentration of fluoride in drinking water.
0.7 mg/l
What is a foot valve and where is it located?
Check valve and at the bottom of a well
What are two types of elevated storage?
Standpipes and towers
This type of backflow occurs when the water system pressure drops, causing non-potable water to be siphoned back into the potable water system.
Back siphonage
This term refers to the removal of accumulated debris from a filter bed by reversing the flow of water, typically in a sand filter.
Backwashing
This is the MCL of fluoride.
0.4 mg/l
What is the purpose of a isolation valve?
Shut off flow to a portion of pipe
What is a reason to build a ground-level storage tank?
Easy to maintain and cheap
What is the most effective control device for backflow, siphoning, and cross contamination?
Air gap
Rapid sand filters run at a rate of what?
2 gpm/ft2
This is a potential negative effect of excessive fluoride exposure, resulting in staining or damage to teeth, especially in children.
fluorosis
What valve prevents water from returning?
Check valve
What is potable water?
Finished treated water
Reduced pressure zone back flow preventers are used to protect against back pressure and?
Back siphonage
The special filter media uses potassium permanganate to enhance filtering capability.
Green sand
What is the most commonly used form of fluoride by PWS's in MN?
hydrofluorosilic acid
What are two ways to operate a valve?
Manually and power actuated
A type of reservoir that is used before treatment would include what?
Holding pond
What percent of the USA uses ground water?
75%