Foundations of
Civilizations in Asia,
Africa, and Europe
Civilizations in Asia,
Africa, and Europe
This historical figure’s teachings formed the foundation of Christianity within the Roman Empire.
Jesus of Nazareth?
This valuable resource helped make West African kingdoms wealthy through Trans-Saharan trade with Muslim merchants.
What is Gold
One major religious reason Europeans launched the Crusades was to regain control of this holy city.
What is Jerusalem?
This navigation tool allowed sailors to determine latitude by using the position of the sun or stars.
What is the astrolabe?
This social structure in Hinduism divided people into classes based on birth and occupation.
What is the caste system?
Early Christians often met in secret, but the religion continued to spread because of this group that traveled throughout the Roman Empire sharing Christian beliefs.
Who are missionaries (or apostles such as Paul)?
This city was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and a major center of trade and culture until 1453.
What is Constantinople?
The Crusades began in part because Byzantine leaders asked Western Europe for help against this expanding Muslim power.
Who are the Seljuk Turks?
This invention helped explorers determine direction at sea, even when landmarks were not visible.
What is the magnetic compass?
This religion, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, challenged the caste system by teaching that anyone could achieve enlightenment.
What is Buddhism?
The Roman emperor who legalized Christianity with the Edict of Milan, allowing it to spread openly, was this leader.
Who is Constantine?
A major factor in the decline of Byzantium was repeated attacks from this empire, which eventually conquered Constantinople.
Who are the Ottoman Turks?
Beyond religion, this motivation encouraged many Europeans to join the Crusades in hopes of gaining land, wealth, or status.
What is economic or political gain?
The forced movement of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic was known as this trade system.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
A major economic impact of the fall of Constantinople was that Europeans were forced to seek new trade routes, which eventually led to this global era.
What is the Age of Exploration?
This river supported early civilizations in India, while the Yellow River played a similar role in China.
What is the Indus River?
The fall of Constantinople caused many Greek scholars to flee to Western Europe, contributing to this cultural movement.
What is the Renaissance?
This Mongol leader united the steppe tribes and laid the foundation for the largest land empire in history.
Who is Chinggis (Genghis) Khan?
One major effect of the slave trade on African societies was this demographic change.
What is population loss?
Merchants and craftsmen often organized themselves into these groups, which helped urban economies grow.
What are guilds?
India and China were connected to other regions through this shared trade network that helped spread goods and ideas.
What is the Silk Road?
This North African trade route connected West Africa to Mediterranean Europe and helped spread gold, salt, and other goods.
What is the Trans-Saharan trade route?
Although the Crusades failed to permanently secure the Holy Land, they significantly reshaped relations between Europe and the Islamic world by doing this.
What is increasing cultural exchange, trade, and long-term conflict?
Unlike the Aztecs and Maya, the Inca built a vast network of roads across this challenging geographic feature to unify their empire.
What are the Andes Mountains?
This devastating disease, arriving in Europe in the 14th century, killed millions and temporarily disrupted urban growth and trade.
What is the Bubonic Plague (or Black Death)?