Vocabulary
To trade:
barter
"The Prince of Schoolmen". He tried to settle the issue of faith and reason.
Thomas Aquinas
What reason is given as a "major factor" in the revival of European Commerce at this time?
the reopening of trade routes
What were Muslims called in Spain?
Moors
During the Middle Ages, what two European countries were almost constantly at war?
England and France
A fair price.
"just price"
Their mariage created the nation of Spain.
Ferdinand of Aragon
Isabelle of Castile
Which group of Europeans dominated/controlled the trade routes with the Eastern nations at this time?
Italians
Black Death: What two animals were most associated with the Black Death?
rats
fleas (primary carriers)
During the Middle Ages, England and France fought a very long war. What was it's name?
The Hundred Years War
Similar to a Traveller's Check from today.
Letter of Credit
He is recognized as the inventor of the "Scientific Method".
Roger Bacon
Name the three principle trade routes coming into Western Europe at this time.
1. The Southern Route (by water)
2. The Central Route (by land and sea)
3. The Northern Route (land, also called "The Silk Road")
Another name for the "Church Tax" on people is ...
tithe
Who was the last English King killed on a battlefield?
King Richard III
The everyday spoken language of a country or region.
vernacular
One of the most famous writers of the Mideval Period, his most famous work is "The Divine Comedy".
Dante' Allegheri
What region was the "crossroads" of the trade routes?
Flanders
Where is the "Holy Land" located?
The Middle East
What was the major cause of the Hundred Years War?
English land holdings in France claimed by both nations.
A rising group of people that were no longer serfs, made up of merchants, bankers and craftsmen.
Middle Class
A young, French peasant girl who heard "heavenly voices". She led the French Army to victory at the Battle of Orleans, earning the nickname, "The Maid of Orleans".
Joan of Arc
Describe Trade Fairs.
International events that brought many merchants representing many cultures.
These fairs were a great place for the exchange of ideas and inventions.
During the "Inquisition" people were tried for this crime.
heresy
What two reasons are given for English early dominance in the Hundred Years War?
Better Battle Tactics
Superior Weapons (the longbow in particular)
Craftsman's Guild: This person is just begining to learn the craft. He works for the master craftsman.
apprentice
He became the last King of England to die on the battlefield in the "War of the Roses".
King Richard III
What gold coin became the popular medium of exchange between traders?
the florin
This important document, signed by Prince John of England, gave rights to all Englishment and became the basis for English government today.
The Magna Charta
What major battle best illustrated the superiority of the British longbow?
The Battle of Cre'cy
For a guild to be recognized by the local governments, this document must be approved and recognized.
a charter
One of the most famous writers of the Mideval Period. His most famous work is "The Cantebury Tales".
Geoffrey Chaucer
A "letter of credit" is similar to today's...
check or Traveller's Cheque
What three common characteristics led to the formation of "nation-states"?
language
religion
traditions
Which side eventually won the Hundred Years War?
France
Craftsman's Guild: This person cannot own a shop. He is referred to as a "day worker/laborer".
journeyman
In 1492, he "sailed the ocean blue" and discovered a new world for Spain to conquer.
Christopher Columbus
The "table of the moneychanger" or "bench" is called by this name.
banca
Symptoms of this contagious disease include black and blue spots, fever, and nausea.
Bubonic Plague aka Black Death
Why was the defeat in the Hundred Years War a "blessing in disguise" for the English?
It caused the English to focus on building a strong nation "at home" in England.
Wandering minstrels who made up popular songs of the times.
troubadours
What rulers started the "Spanish Inquisition"?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What was the main issue between traders and the Church at this time?
usury (the charging of interest)
If someone openly spoke against the Church or declared that they were not Christian, what could happen to them?
tried for heresy
burned at the stake/executed
tortured and questioned
The War of the Roses was a war in England for the control of the English throne. What two royal families fought this war?
How long did this war last?
The York Family (white roses)
The Lancaster Family (red roses)
30 years
The name given to recognize the driving of the Moors out of Europe by Spain.
Reconquista
Boniface VIII
What were the two types of guilds at this time?
merchant
craftsman
This disease killed 1/3 of the people of Europe at this time.
Bubonic Plague aka Black Death
How did the War of the Roses end?
Elizabeth of York married Henry VII Tudor (of the Lancaster Family)
However, Richard III claimed the throne and fought Henry VII (and lost, dying on the battlefield).
The Tudors Won
A time when the papacy was split between Rome and Avignon (in France)
The Great Schism
This French Kings openly defied and defeated Pope Boniface VIII in a bid for power.
King Philip IV
apprentice
journeyman
master
What group of people were incorrectly blamed for the plague in Europe?
The Jewish People
How did English Kings raise money?
The were allotted money from taxes by the British Parliament.
An English designed weapon, it gave the English a great advantage in their early wars against France.
crossbow.
The Council of Constance ended the Great Schism and elected this man as pope.
Martin V
What were the two major advantages of becoming a "master" craftsman?
1. You could open a shop.
2. You could take on (train) an apprentice.
What buildings were examples of the Church's great wealth at this time?
cathedrals (churches)
How did the French Kings raise money?
They just raised taxes (specifically, land taxes) and collected directly from the people.
This period of time when the papacy was located in Avignon, France.
The Babylonian Captivity
The Avignon Exile
German equivalent to the English Parliament is called a...
diet
Who is the current King of England?
Charles III
An example of Mideval architecture, well lit and open. The Notre Dame Cathedral is an example.
gothic
What were the two primary types of architecture at this time?
Gothic
Romanesque
Describe the advantages of the longbow v the crossbow and shorter bows favored by the French in the Hundred Years War.
The longbow and far greater range, more power of impact and greater accuracy.
Craftsman's Guild: This person had reached the highest pinnacle of worksmanship. He could open a shop and take on an apprentice.
master