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Who called for the Crusades in 1095 CE?
Pope Urban II
goldsmithing, shoemaking, horology...
Who led the Muslims during the 3rd Crusades?
Saladin
banking, finance
What is the epic we learned about during the class?
Beowulf
Tell names of some major trading centers in medieval Europe
Venice, Pisa, Florence, Genoa, Flanders, ....
1066 CE is known for
Norman Conquest of England
Definition of the Crusades
a series of religiously motivated wars beginning in the late 1000s
During the medieval times, Church gained more ___________ and ______ power.
religious; social
Where is the Holy Land?
geographic region including modern-day Israel and Palestine
What is heresy?
What is inquisition?
beliefs against Church teachings;
church court investigating heresy
Why were cathedrals built taller?
Reach toward heaven
Fill churches with light
Honor God
Before medieval times, most writings were written in ______ language. As studies and literature developed during the medieval times, more writings were written in __________ languages.
Latin;
vernacular
King Henry II strengthened England's _____ _____ _________, which made Englad more unified under law systems. He also implemented the ______ ____, which could be applied equally throughout England.
royal court system; Common Law
What is theology?
What is manuscript?
study of religion;
ancient text written by hand before printing was invented
2 types of Cathedrals, and characteristics of each
Romanesque: thick walls, small windows, rounded arches
Gothic: taller, huge stained-glass windows, filled w/ light
What does to scapegoat mean?
Give an example to this
unfair blame on a person or a certain group of ppl;
5 students are too loud in the class
Mr. Joe blames one student for all the noises and chaos created
Why is payment in gold and silver such a big deal?
•A country can collapse
•The currency used in that country would disappear
•The gold would still be gold regardless of the size and shape due to its universally equal value and quantity
Tell three goups of monks we learned during class:
How were they different and similar?
Cistercians, Franciscans, Dominicans;
They shared same beliefs in religion, but had different roles and jobs
How did inquisition work?
secretly conducted (usually included torture as well)
publicly used for sentencing heresies
Write "The Church" diagram on the board
Culture - Cathedrals, Literature
Education - Universitities, Scholasticism
Society - Daily life, Religious orders
Explain how the Magna Carta was signed, and one key idea we can learn from it
King John angered nobles through:
Taxes (for war), seizing properties of those who could not pay taxes, and unsuccessful wars (lost land in France)
Even the king is not above the law
What is scholasticism? How can we relate this to Thomas Aquinas?
faith + reason: using strict logic to connect Christian faith w/ ancient Greek philosophy;
medieval ppl thought human philosophy and Christian faith could not mix
Thomas Aquinas said that they could work together
Scandinavia, England, Scotland&Ireland, Anatolia, France&Germany, Al-andalus, Russia, Normandy
Vikings, Anglo-Saxons, Celts/Gaels, Oghuz Turks, Franks, Moors, Rus, Normans
Three major long-term effects of the Crusades
•Trade increased b/w Europe and the eastern Mediterranean
•Europeans gained greater contact with goods, ideas, and knowledge from other regions
•Religious conflict increased hostility among Christians, Muslims, and Jews