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What technology allowed Romans to transport water long distances and support large urban populations?
What are aqueducts?
What numeral represents the number 3 in the Roman numeral system?
What is III?
What was the primary economic system that relied heavily on unpaid labor in the Roman Empire?
What was the official religion of the Roman Empire by 380 AD?
What is Christianity?
What material did Romans develop that was faster drying and more waterproof than previous versions?
What is concrete?
What emperor revised Roman law and created a comprehensive legal code?
Who is Justinian?
What were the three primary vows taken by monks and nuns in the medieval Catholic Church?
What are poverty, chastity, and obedience?
The original name of Holy Communion.
What is Eucharist?
What was the primary method by which the Byzantine Empire attempted to centralize government?
What is imposing legal and doctrinal conformity?
What social and economic system was based on land ownership and hereditary titles?
What is feudalism?
What significant church building did Justinian construct in just five years?
What is the Hagia Sophia?
What controversial religious movement prohibited the use of religious images in the Byzantine Empire?
What is the Iconoclastic Controversy?
What were two crucial disadvantages of the Roman Empire's reliance on slave labor?
What are economic stagnation and social instability?
What was the primary method the Catholic Church used to control secular rulers?
What is excommunication?
What event marked the final end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453?
What is the Ottoman Turkish conquest of Constantinople?
What were the five primary causes contributing to the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
What are government corruption, Christianity's rise, Eastern Empire's separation, barbarian invasions, and economic troubles?
What legal document provided the foundation for most European law until the 19th century?
What is the Corpus Juris Civilis (Justinian's Code)?
What was the primary social role of the local priest in medieval European towns?
What is being a community leader, advisor, and often the most educated person?
What system allowed kings to appoint church bishops, challenging papal authority?
What is lay investiture?
What geographical feature made Constantinople a strategically important city?
What is its location at the crossroads of Asian and European civilizations?
What barbarian tribe leader invaded Rome and was known for attacking the Western Roman Empire?
Who is Alaric (king of the Visigoths)?
How did the Byzantine Empire contribute to Western civilization during the early Middle Ages?
What is serving as a protective barrier against hostile armies and preserving classical learning?
What significant religious event occurred in 1053 that divided the Christian church?
What is the Great Schism between East and West?
What were the primary responsibilities of each level in the feudal hierarchy?
What is a complex system of land ownership, military service, and mutual obligations?
What role did the Roman Catholic Church provide during the medieval period?
What is through control of sacraments, education, land ownership, and political manipulation?