Imperialism in Africa
What is imperialism, and why did Western nations pursue it during the 19th century?
Imperialism is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force. Western nations pursued it for economic gain, political power, and cultural expansion.
Which Asian countries were most affected by Western imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries?
Countries like India, China, and Japan were most affected by Western imperialism.
What were the four M.A.I.N causes of WWI?
The four M.A.I.N causes are Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.
A political ideology that emphasizes strong, centralized power, nationalism, and often dictatorial leadership.
Describe the state of Anti-Semitism in Europe before the start of WWII.
Widespread discrimination and violence against Jews, often justified by pseudoscientific theories of racial superiority.
How did the Berlin Conference (1884-1885) affect the colonization of Africa?
The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa and led to the partitioning of Africa among European powers.
Why did Commodore Perry bring a fleet of American ships to Japan in 1853?
Commodore Perry brought American ships to Japan to force the country to open trade with the United States.
Which event was considered the main spark that started WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main spark that started WWI.
What were the two cities bombed by the U.S.?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What happened during “Kristallnacht,” also known as the Night of the Broken Glass?
A coordinated attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany, resulting in deaths and widespread destruction.
What was the “Scramble for Africa,” and which countries were the main participants?
The “Scramble for Africa” was a period of rapid colonization of the continent by European powers, mainly Britain, France, and Germany.
How did Western imperialism influence Japan’s decision to end its period of isolation?
Western imperialism pressured Japan to end isolation, leading to modernization and industrialization.
Describe trench warfare. What were the benefits and cons of using this type of warfare?
Trench warfare involved fighting from deep trenches. Benefits included protection, while cons included disease and stalemates.
Who were the main members of the axis powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Which concentration camp (also an extermination camp) is best known for having the highest number of deaths during the Holocaust?
Auschwitz.
What were some long-term consequences of European imperialism in Africa?
Long-term consequences include economic exploitation, cultural changes, and ongoing political instability in many African nations.
What was the significance of Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) in the context of imperialism?
Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War marked its emergence as a world power and challenged Western dominance
During WWI, who were the three main members of the Allies?
The three main members of the Allies were France, Britain, and Russia.
Who were the main members of the Allied Powers?
Britain, United States, France, Soviet Union
Describe what Adolf Hitler considered the “master race.”
He believed the Aryan race, particularly those with Germanic heritage, was superior and destined to rule over others.
How did imperial powers justify their control over foreign territories?
Imperial powers justified their control through notions of racial superiority and the belief in the civilizing mission.
How did imperialism contribute to tensions that eventually led to World War I?
Imperialism created rivalries among European nations that contributed to the outbreak of WWI.
What were the effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
It imposed heavy reparations on Germany and redrew national borders in Europe.
What event started WWII?
The invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939.
How many people were executed in total during the Holocaust? How many of those were Jews? Which other groups were targeted by the Nazis?
Approximately 6 million Jews were killed, along with around 5 million others, including Romani people, disabled individuals, Polish people, and political dissidents.