Chapter 8
Why did Ghana become a major trading empire?
abundance of gold
What was an effect of the Counter-Reformation?
The Council of Trent clarified Catholic doctrine
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The trade of ideas and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
What statement is true about the American and French Revolution?
They were both inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
How were Islamic scholars able to learn from the ideas of the ancient Greeks?
They translated ancient Greek writings into Arabic.
What is one similarity between the Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
How were Renaissance artists different from medieval artists?
Sought to imitate nature, incorporated the laws of linear perspective, and depicted humans in their real surroundings
Name two effects of the Spanish on the Aztecs.
Many Aztec people died of diseases like smallpox. The Aztec Empire collapsed.
What was the main cry from the colonies that led to the American Revolution?
taxation without representation
What was the purpose of the Inquisition?
punish crimes against God and humanity.
Why did the trans-Atlantic slave trade have significant political and human consequences?
contributed to depopulation in many coastal regions
How did humanism change education?
Encouraging people to read the classics to revitalize European culture, focusing less on religion and more on secular subject matter, producing informed citizens rather than great scholars
What was the effect of the Spanish encomienda system in the Americas?
Cruel working conditions greatly decreased the Native American population.
According to Locke, individuals can resist laws when they are…….
made by unappointed peoples.
Why were the Shi Muslims different from the Sunni Muslims?
accept only descendants of Ali as true rulers of Islam.
civil wars
What social changes in Europe helped pave the way for the Renaissance?
Expanding urban environments helped new ideas circulate, and class structures became less rigid
What was the Commercial Revolution?
The economic impact of the Renaissance that resulted in rapid expansion of European economies
What three documents inspired the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
United States Constitution. American Declaration of Independence. English Bill of Rights.
What does the last pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam say?
make a pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in their lifetime.
What factor contributed to the expansion of the Arab slave trade?
The Arabs conquered North Africa
What were some elements of the Catholic Reformation?
Jesuit missionaries helped restore Catholicism in some regions. The Council of Trent declared that faith and good works were necessary for salvation. The Catholic Church made the selling of indulgences forbidden
Name two principles of mercantilism.
Favorable balance of trade was the best way to add to a nation’s coffers. The prosperity of a nation depends on having a large supply of bullion.
Explain the effects of Enlightenment ideas on European society.
The abolitionist movement began to gain momentum. Female thinkers wrote about improving the status of women. Calls for the separation between church and state increased.
How did the Great Schism of the Church contribute to declining Church power during the 1300s?
by dividing support between two popes