Europeans Explore Overseas
He tried to reach Asia by sailing west but instead encountered the Americas.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This gave the Dutch East India Company power to make treaties and raise armies.
What is sovereignty?
Native Americans lacked this to protect themselves against European diseases, causing enormous losses.
What is immunity?
For France, fishing and fur trading produced this, also known as income.
What is revenue?
Ruler of Kongo that tried unsuccessfully to oppose the expanding slave trade.
Who was Afonso I?
A general rise in prices.
What is inflation?
Supported Portuguese exploration and the mapping of Africa's coast.
Who is Henry the Navigator?
Indian soldiers hired by European companies.
Who were the sepoys?
Native tribe that allied with Cortes because they opposed Aztec power.
Who were the Tlaxcalans?
Conflict in which Britain and France competed for North American power.
What was the French and Indian War?
The focused voyage carrying enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
What was the Middle Passage?
Private ownership and investment for profit.
What is capitalism?
Term to describe sailing completely around the world.
What is circumnavigate?
Organization of Dutch merchants set up to challenge Portuguese dominance.
What was the Dutch East India Company?
Conflict that weakened the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest.
What is civil war?
The founders of Plymouth who were seeking religious freedom.
Who were the Pilgrims?
Exclusive control over a trade or business.
What is a monopoly?
A person who organizes a business, accepts financial risk and seeks profit.
What is an entrepreneur?
An early motive for Europeans to explore overseas.
What are spices?
Used by Spain as a link between American silver and Asian goods.
What are the Philippines?
Captured Atahualpa and led the conquest of the Inca Empire.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
French claims and settlements in Canada.
What was New France?
Large agricultural estate producing cash crops.
What is a plantation?
The expanding of trade, banking, investment, and new business methods created this.
What is the Commercial Revolution?
Agreement between Spain and Portugal attempting to settle competing claims for territories.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
They were used as coastal bases for trade an defense.
What are outposts?
This system allowed Spaniards to demand labor from Indigenous peoples.
What are encomiendas?
In 1763, this ended the French and Indian War and made Britain dominant in North America
What was the Treaty of Paris?
An organized revolt aboard a slave ship.
What is mutiny?
Government-directed trade policy designed to increase nation wealth and power.
What is mercantilism?
Boundary set to divide overseas claims between two kingdoms.
What is the Line of Demarcation?
Portugal's main base in India that supported their Indian Ocean trading.
What is Goa?
This capital fell to Spanish-led forces in 1521.
What was Tenochtitlan?
Founder of Quebec in 1608.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
The network that linked Europe, Africa and the Americas was called this.
What was the triangular trade?
Competition and choices by privately owned businesses and consumers.
What is a free enterprise system?
Reached India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
Location controlled by Portugal that gave them strategic access to routes towards the Spice Islands.
What is Malacca?
A royal governor who represented Spain's monarch in a colony.
What was a viceroy?
This established guidelines for governing Plymouth.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
Led by Osei Tutu, this gained wealth, weapons, and military power.
What was the Asante Kingdom?
The large-scale movement of plants, animals, diseases, people and resources between hemispheres.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Established by the Dutch, this important location at the southern end of Africa was used to resupply explorers' ships.
What is Cape Town?
Powerful implement that helped Portugal's small fleets to defeat rivals at sea.
What are shipboard cannons?
A person of combined Spanish and Native American ancestry.
What is a mestizo?
Founded in 1607, this became England's first permanent colony in North America.
What is Jamestown?
Published a firsthand account of his experiences in the slave trade.
Who was Olaudah Equiano?
Early modern era of rapid European inflation.
What is a price revolution?