Enlightenment Ideas
These rights belong to all people from birth, Locke listed life, liberty and property.
Natural rights
This slogan protested taxes imposed by parliament in which the colonists had no vote.
No taxation without representation
This estate included peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie. It made up most of the population and carried much of the tax burden.
Third Estate
Before independence, France called its Caribbean sugar colony by this name.
Saint-Domingue
Known as El Libertador, this revolutionary leader helped free much of northern South America from Spanish rule.
Simón Bolívar
This English thinker said people may overthrow a government that violates their natural rights
John Locke
This1765 law taxed newspapers, legal documents, licenses, and playing cards.
Stamp Act
Third Estate representatives formed this body in 1789 and claimed authority to make laws for France.
National Assembly
This group made up about 500,000 people in the colony and demanded abolition, equal rights and independence.
Enslaved people/slaves of Saint Domingue
These American-born people of European ancestry led many Latin American independence movements.
Creoles
This thinker described the state of nature as violent and favored an absolute ruler to maintain order.
Thomas Hobbes
These harsh laws closed Boston Harbor, required support for troops, and protected British officials.
Coercive Acts
In this pledge, representatives promised not to separate until France had a constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
This formerly enslaved leader became the revolution's leading figure in 1793
Toussaint Louverture
This leader’s 1808 invasion of Spain weakened Spanish authority and helped spark revolutions in Latin America.
Napoleon Bonaparte
This thinker argues that legislative, executive, and judicial powers should remain separate.
Montesquieu
Taxation without colonial approval violated this principle that government receives authority from the people.
Consent of the governed/Popular Sovereignty
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety led this period of mass executions in 1793 and 1794.
Reign of Terror
This 1801 document abolished servitude and promised equal access to work and equal protection under the law.
Haitian Constitution of 1801
After Portugal’s royal family returned to Europe, this prince remained behind and declared Brazil an independent constitutional monarchy in 1822.
Prince Pedro
In a Vindication of Rights of Woman, she argued that education and freedom would allow women to reason and govern themselves
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Declaration says people may alter or abolish a government that destroys their rights. This is known as an Enlightenment principle of.
Right of revolution/Rebel
Napoleon preserved civil equality and secular law, but reduced this political ideal by concentrating power in his own hands.
Political Liberty
After Louverture's arrest, this leader continued the revolution, used scorched-earth tactics, and helped defeat the French.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
After independence, portraits of revolutionary heroes and paintings of important battles helped newly independent countries develop this shared sense of belonging.
national identity