Absolutism
What idea claimed kings received their authority from God?
Divine Right of Kings
List three main points that the Enlightenment encouraged or focused on:
reason, logic, science, questioning authority
What slogan summed up colonists’ frustration with British taxes?
no taxation without representation
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
Storming of the Bastille
What leader emerged after the French Revolution promising stability?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which French monarch was known as the “Sun King”?
Louis XIV
Who believed in natural rights — life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the three social classes called in pre-revolutionary France?
The Three Estates
What was Napoleon’s most important legal reform?
Napoleonic Code
What was the main goal of absolute monarchs in Europe?
To centralize and expand royal power
Which thinker supported separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Which event leads to American desires for free speech and free press
John Peter Zenger Case
What document declared “men are born free and equal in rights”?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
What two major ideas spread after the revolutions?
Nationalism and Democracy
Which Russian czar modernized Russia and built St. Petersburg?
Peter the Great
What philosopher argued that people could overthrow unjust governments?
Locke
What treaty ended the American Revolution?
Treaty of Paris 1783
Who led the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
how tall was Napoleon roughly?
5'6 to 5'8
What event helped inspire opposition to absolutism?
Growing influence of Enlightenment ideas
What was the main impact of Enlightenment ideas on monarchies?
They challenged absolute rule and divine right
What event that inspired revolution was about personal faith, mistrust of traditions, and personal experiences?
The Great Awakening
What event ended the Reign of Terror?
Execution of Robespierre
What was one long-term effect of these revolutions?
End of absolutism and spread of Enlightenment ideals