Holy Roman Empire
What invaders terrorized Europe for 200 years, beginning with the invasion of England in 787?
The Vikings terrorized Europe for 200 years
England’s King Henry II was responsible for the martyrdom of whom?
St. Thomas Beckett
Why do we call the years 500–1000 the “Dark Ages
We call the years 500-1000 the Dark Ages because so little is known of these years
______ was King of England, son of Henry the II and leader of the Third Crusade. (Name comonly know as)
Richard the Lion Hearted
Who conquered England in 1066?
William the Conqueror conquered England in 1066
In what year did the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches happen?
The Great Schism happened in 1054
Who were the two great preacher-saints of the 13th century who founded mendicant orders?
St. Dominic
St. Francis
Civilization in Europe was almost overthrown by a plague called?
Bubonic Plague
What happened on Christmas Day 800?
Pope Leo II crowned Charlemagne the Roman Emperor
Which King signed the Magna Carta in 1215
King John of England
Which modern countries came from the Holy Roman Empire?
Italy, France, and Germany
Who wrote the Summa Theologica?
St. Thomas Aquinas
Under feudalism, the peasants who farmed the land for the lords, but were not freemen, were called
Serfs
Give was 2 reason for the Crusades
-to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims
-to make it safe for pilgrims to travel to the Holy Land
-to rescue the Byzantine Empire from the Muslim Turks
-to reunite the Eastern Churches with Rome
Which king of the Franks was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, 800
Charlemagne was crowned Roman emperor on Christmas Day 800.
Name a reason for the Great Schism
a) Rome had become such a poor and backward city, while Constantinople was glorious and civilized.
b) The Muslim conquests had made communication between Rome and the Eastern patriarchs more difficult.
c) The pope and the patriarch of Constantinople took opposite sides on a Church dispute and excommunicated each other.
________ is a Doctor of the Church famous for writing the Summa Theologica and reconciling the Christian Faith with ancient philosophy.
St. Thomas
Under feudalism, the person who gave land to another in return for service was called a ____. The person who gave service in return for land was called a ____?
Lord Vassal
Give 3 parts of the code of chivalry
-devotion to God and a pledge to defend the Church
-kindness and gentleness to all, especially the weak
-protection of and courtesy to women
During the Investiture Conflict, Church and state quarreled over who had to right to do what?
During the Investiture Conflict, Church and state argued over who had the right to appoint bishops
What is a nation-state? What two European lands were becoming nation-states in the Middle Ages?
A nation-state is where one government unites people who share one language and culture.
France & England
The Liberal Arts included the Trivium which included what subjects?
grammar, logic, and rhetoric
What was a guild in the Middle Ages
A guild was a group of merchants or craftsmen joined together to protect their trade and for mutual aid and protection
Who established the "common law" and what was it?
Henry II
the "common law" standardized punishments for crimes and treated commoners and nobels alike.
Why was the Magna Carta so important?
The Magna Carta was important because it underlined an idea common in the Middle Ages-that kings do not have absolute power but have to respect the laws and the customs of their people.