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28) Age of Revolutions
29) Industrial Revolution
30) Indep. Americas
31) Societal Crossroads
32) New Imperialism
100
This intellectual movement, based upon ideas of popular sovereignty, individual freedoms, and growing equality, significantly contributed to the radical political, social, and economic shifts of the Revolutionary Period.
What is "The European Enlightenment"
100
This resource emerged as the essential source of fuel to power the engines of the First Industrial Revolution, replacing earlier fuel sources such as wood.
What is "Coal"
100
This principle represented the seeming certainty that the United States would continue to grow in size (both through diplomacy and force) until it stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
What is "Manifest Destiny"
100
This was the name for rulers who held absolute power while still trying to apply the principles of the European Enlightenment.
What is "Enlightened Absolutism"
100
Made famous by Rudyard Kipling's poem in 1899, this idea created a cultural motivation (and justification) for the conquest and colonization of peoples throughout the world by "superior" European peoples.
What is "The White Man's Burden"
200
This war, arguably one of the first "world" wars, resulted in significant colonial gains by Britain, but also led to significant debts, which the British government attempted to recoup through increased taxation on their American colonists.
What is "The Seven Years War"
200
The Industrial Revolution, with its reliance upon centralized factory production, caused THIS process to increase at a rate faster than any previous period in human history, by which people move from rural settings to growing cities.
What is "Urbanization"
200
Though efforts were made, this region of the Americas was unable to significantly industrialize in the years following independence, as old colonial political relationships were replaced by informal economic relationships that were little changed from the previous period.
What is "Latin America"
200
This is the general term for the process of "modernization," in which a country undergoes significant changes that often includes industrialization, and restructuring of political, social, and cultural models.
What is "Westernization"
200
This factor most contributed to the continued independence of Ethiopia during a period when nearly the entire continent of Africa was falling under European rule.
What is "Christianity"
300
As part of the "ancien regime" that needed to be torn down and rebuilt during the French Revolution, Christianity itself was attacked as priests were imprisoned and churches were ransacked. During its more radical phase, revolutionaries attempted to replace Christianity with this.
What is "The Cult of Reason"
300
These two factors, money able to be invested, and men willing to create new businesses, are necessary requirements for industrialization to take place.
What are "Capital and Entrepreneurs"
300
This country was a major source of foreign investment throughout the Americas, both in new industrial ventures within North America, and resource extraction throughout Latin America.
What is "Great Britain" or "The United Kingdom"
300
This war signaled to the world both the rise of a new industrialized and imperial power in Japan, as well as the weaknesses found within the European "Great Power" of Russia
What is the "Russo-Japanese War"
300
This concept made clear to other imperial powers that the Americas (the Western Hemisphere) was the exclusive sphere of influence of the United States of America.
What is "The Monroe Doctrine"
400
After the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution, and the widespread disruption of Napoleon's campaigns, this meeting after the final defeat of Napoleon sought to reestablish order among the European states and set the stage for European diplomacy in the decades that would follow.
What is "The Congress of Vienna"
400
This movement originated as a response to the perceived and growing economic and social inequalities between factory workers and middle class supervisors/entrepreneurs.
What is "Socialism"
400
This term describes Latin American dictators who frequently seized power in the chaotic years following independence, as radical political, social, and economic reforms were being attempted based on European models.
What are "Caudillos"
400
This important trade-port was ceded to Britain as part of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 (the first of many "unequal treaties" inflicted upon China by the imperial powers during this period) and was only returned to Chinese control by the British in 1997.
What is "Hong Kong"
400
This rebellion occurred in British India in 1857 because of British disregard for the traditions and interests of their colonial Muslim and Hindu soldiers, and resulted in atrocities on both sides.
What is "The Sepoy Mutiny"
500
These two men played pivotal roles in the process of Italian unification, completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital of the new Kingdom of Italy.
Who are "Cavour and Garibaldi"
500
Fearful of being replaced by machines and lower skilled workers, this group led a series of increasingly violent protests in Britain during the early phase of the Industrial Revolution, culminating in armed revolts from 1811-1817 that required the deployment of government troops.
Who are the "Luddites"
500
These two factors were most significant in allowing for the rapid westward expansion of the United States and Canada in the nineteenth century.
What are "Railroads and Immigration"
500
List the military defeats that signaled the need for major reform in: 1) The Late Ottoman Empire 2) Romanov Russia 3) Qing China 4) Tokugawa Japan.
What is: 1) The Loss of Egypt to Muhammad Ali 2) Defeat in the Crimean War 3) The Opium War(s) 4) Arrival of Matthew Perry and the "Black Fleet"
500
These two things have had the most significant direct impact on global politics, trade, and communication in the Post-Industrial world. (Hint: Places)
What are the "Panama and Suez Canals"