Exploration & Innovations
What year did the Old World and New World meet?
1492
How did the Columbian Exchange massively decrease the population in the New World?
Spread of disease (mostly from Europe to the Americas)
What commodity most contributed to the import of enslaved Africans to the New World?
Sugar
What commodity were European traders primarily interested in Southeast Asia?
Spices: Cinnamon, clove, nutmeg
What was the title of the Spaniards who colonized the "New World" and who were granted the right to extract labor and tribute from indigenous populations in their designated area?
Who were Encomenderos?
What were the TWO main forms of resistance to Europeans in the New World?
Name a specific historical example of each.
Indigenous revolts and slave revolts.
Pueblo Revolt of 1680, King Philip's War; Maroon revolts in Brazil or the Caribbean.
What are TWO technological developments that led to increased exploration?
Compass; Carrack; Caravel; Fluyt; Cartography; Astrolabe; Lateen sail; Volta do Mar
How did the Columbian Exchange massively increase the population in the Old World?
New World food crops brought to the Old World
What are the main motives (the 3 "Gs") that influenced European empires, like the Spanish, to explore and colonize Latin America?
Gold, Glory, God
During this time period of rapid European growth, the Tokugawa Shogunate chose to [INCREASE/DECREASE] access to and involvement in world trade.
DECREASE
What is the name of the document that gave Spain control of most of Latin America and Portugal control of most of Brazil, Africa, and Asia?
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
What bloodless historical event led to a stronger British parliament and England becoming a Protestant nation?
Glorious Revolution
Which European nation (and person) was the first to sponsor extensive maritime travel?
Portugal - Prince Henry the Navigator
What is a major environmental impact of the Columbian exchange?
Environmental degradation (deforestation, soil depletion, soil erosion)
The exploitation of colonies (including the extraction of precious metals) by a dominating power is known as the economic policy of
Mercantilism
During this time period of rapid European growth, Ming China chose to [INCREASE/DECREASE] its involvement in world trade.
DECREASE
What are TWO products Europeans sold African Kingdoms in exchange for enslaved people?
Manufactured goods (textiles, guns, rum)
Identify ONE of the two rebellions in Russia during this time period and its cause
Cossack Rebellion and Pugachev Rebellion (Both were peasant/serf revolts)
What was the primary reason for Europeans' desire to begin extensive maritime travel?
To trade with Asia more easily (avoid taxes from Gunpowder Empires; Muslim-European rivalry)
Identify 3 specific food items that travelled from the New World to the Old World
Potatoes, corn, tobacco, cacao, peanuts
What was the most important precious metal imported from the New World to Europe and what did Europe do with that metal?
Silver and traded it with China for luxury goods
Which Asian country did England establish the most direct relationship with and what empire controlled that region?
India & Mughal Empire
What was the primary purpose of European trading posts in Africa and Asia?
To allow for control and access to heavily trafficked maritime routes
How did the Ottoman and Mughal empires avoid much of the social strife that Europe experienced during this time?
Better religious toleration (Ottomans favored Muslims but accepted others; Mughals tolerant of mostly all religious, Muslims and Hindus, under Akbar the Great)
DAILY DOUBLE: Identify a specific continuity in Exploration and Innovation AND a specific change in Exploration and Innovation
Answers may vary. Answers must be in a complete sentence phrased as a question.
Identify 3 specific diseases that travelled from the Old World to the New World
Smallpox, measles, typhus, bubonic plague, flu
(Connection to contemporary history: Spanish Influenza 1918-1920; Covid-19 2020)
Identify 2 examples of cultural syncretism in the New World
Santeria; Vodun; Candomblé; Virgin of Guadalupe; Kivas (former missions)
What is the term used to refer to European state-sponsored companies sent to control trading posts in Asia and the Americas?
Name 2 of them, specifically.
Joint stock companies.
British East India Company (BEIC) & Dutch East India Company (VOC; Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie)
Identify 3 different types of labor systems taking place in Europe from 1450-1750
Serfdom, Indentured Servants, Free Peasants, Nomads, and Guild Members
What is one continuity across the global regions for how states responded to and maintained power in the face of resistance?
Relying on physical force (gunpowder, weaponry)