The Industrial Revolution
What was the primary source of energy that powered early machines during the Industrial Revolution?
Steam power (coal).
Which European country was the largest imperial power in the 19th century?
Great Britain.
Which revolution inspired many of the independence movements in Latin America?
The French Revolution of 1789
What group of people benefited most from the rise of industrial capitalism in the 19th century?
-Middle Class
- Upper Class
Due to the rize of steam engines what was a resource heavily demanded?
coal
How did the invention of the steam engine impact transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
It enabled faster transportation by trains and steamships.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 in relation to imperialism in Africa?
Divided Africa among European powers to avoid conflict.
What was one cause of the French Revolution?
-Economic hardship due to high taxes, national debt.
-Poor harvests (food)
-Enlightenment ideas about equality, liberty, and democracy inspired the population
How did industrialization change the role of women in society, particularly in urban areas?
It provided new job opportunities, More work, Change in traditional gender roles.
How did the global demand for raw materials change as a result of industrialization?
The demand for basic raw materials increased to supply factories.
How did the factory system change the organization of labor and the structure of family life during the Industrial Revolution?
Shifted work from homes to factories, impacting family structure.
How did the Opium Wars contribute to the expansion of British imperialism in China?
Forced China to open ports and cede Hong Kong to Britain.
How did the rise of nationalism in the 19th century influence the political boundaries in Europe and Latin America?
helped influence:
-independence movements in Latin America
-unification in Europe, leading to new countries and borders.
How did the rise of the working class lead to the growth of labor unions and movements for workers' rights?
The harsh conditions lead them to fight for a better work life
How did industrialization contribute to environmental degradation, such as deforestation and pollution, particularly in colonized regions?
Industrialization caused deforestation and pollution and this was caused by migrations and factories.
In what ways did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the growth of global capitalism and the development of global markets?
Increased productivity, global trade, and created new markets.
How did the ideas of Social Darwinism justify European imperialism, and how did they impact the colonized peoples?
Justified imperialism through ideas of racial superiority.
How did the Haitian Revolution differ from other revolutions during this period in terms of its social and racial dynamics?
It was led by enslaved Africans and successfully overthrew their colonial rulers.
What role did migration play in the expansion of economies during the 19th century?
Providing labor for industries, more trade, more settlements
How did the expansion of global trade networks impact local economies in Africa and Asia during the 19th century?
Disrupted local economies in Africa and Asia, making them dependent on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
How did technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution affect global trade patterns and economic integration?
Reduced costs, improved global trade and capital flow.
How did imperialism during the 19th century reshape economic systems, especially in relation to the extraction of resources from colonies?
Exploited colonies for raw materials, shaping global trade.
In what ways did the spread of Enlightenment ideas contribute to the development of socialist ideologies, and how did these ideas challenge the existing political systems?
helped shape socialist ideas by challenging inequality and pushing for systems that supported workers over elites.
True or False: The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of socialism and feminism due to economic inequality and changing gender roles.
true
How did the environmental and economic consequences of industrialization shape the debates over conservation and sustainability in the late 19th century?
disrupted local economies in Africa and Asia, making them dependent on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.