Article Background
What term refers to prejudice, discrimination, exclusion or hostility directed toward Muslims?
What is Islamophobia?
How many participants were included in the final study?
11 participants
According to the researchers, how many major themes emerged from the interviews?
What is four?
What does SIT stand for?
Social Identity Theory
Why might having a built in community be beneficial to a young Muslim American?
It can provide support, belonging, connection and opportunities to develop a positive identity.
What concept describes how different social identities, such as race, religion, gender and class, overlap to create unique experiences of discrimination or privilege
What is intersectionality?
Was this study quantitative or qualitative?
What is Qualitative?
What is one benefit participants described as part of growing up as Muslim American in the Bay Area?
Having a "built-in community"
What does CRT stand for?
Critical Race Theory
How can ethnic diversity within the Muslim community be both a strength AND a challeneg?
It exposes people to different cultures and perspectives, but it can also create ethnic divisions, racism, colorism, or disagreements within the community.
What term describes the belief that everyone within a particular group thinks, behaves or believes the same way?
What is essentialism?
What type of sampling did researches use to recruit participants?
What is word of mouth and snowball sampling?
Name two of the four major themes
Any two:
Built-in community
Ethnic diversity
Religious practice
Feeling pressure to be a united group
According to Social Identity Theory, why is group membership important?
It can provide belonging, emotional attachment, and a positive sense of identity/self-concept
Why might a Muslim American feel pressure from both Muslims and non-Muslims?
Non-Muslims may stereotype them based on Islamophobic assumptions, while other Muslims may judge them based on expectations about religious practice, culture, or behavior
What term refers to prejudice or hostility toward people perceived as foreigners or outsiders?
What is xenophobia?
What type of interviews did researchers conduct?
What is semi structured interviews?
Give one example of how diversity within the Muslim American Community can create challeneges
Participants described racism, colorism, ethnic divisions, and judgement within Muslims, among other examples.
What is the "black sheep effect"?
The tendency for group members to judge ingroup members positively or negatively depending on how they behave and how it effects the group
What is the major tension between individuality and group identity in this article?
Participants want to be individuals with different beliefs, cultures, and practices, but they may also feel pressure to present themselves as part of a unified Muslim community.
What research approach focuses on understanding people's lived experiences and the meanings they attach to those experiences?
What is phenomenology?
Name one limitation of the study
Sample size
Mostly women participated
Participants were largely second-generation South Asian Americans
Participants were only recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area
Mosque-attending Muslims may have been overrepresented
Findings may not represent all Muslim Americans
Islamophobia can portray Muslims as a single, homogenous group, so participants felt that presenting a united front could help protect the community from being perceived as weak or divided.
Why did the researchers use both CRT and SIT?
CRT helped them examine power, racism, islamophobia, marginalization and systemic oppression, while SIT helped them understand belonging, group membership and identity development.
According to the article, what makes being "Muslim" and "American" potentially difficult to reconcile?
A broader social climate can treat "Muslim" and "American" as conflicting identities, forcing Muslim Americans to negotiate an identity that they themselves may see as completely compatible.