"Dane"
The author of The Little Mermaid, The Emperor's New Clothes, and Thumbelina.
Hans Christian Andersen
The largest country in both area and population to be completely surrounded by another country.
Lesotho
A fluid layer in the Earth's composition, paramount to its magnetic field
Outer core
The year of the Great Chicago Fire
1871
To date, the most viewed sporting event globally.
2022 Qatar World Cup Final.
The man generally considered to the first Christian existentialist philosopher.
Søren Kierkegaard
The smallest country to be doubly-landlocked; to have land borders only with other landlocked countries.
Liechtenstein
The two letters that do not appear as part of the symbol for any chemical element (in English)
J and Q.
The historical event whose 400th anniversay was commemorated by the first World's Fair to be held in Chicago.
Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas
The team scoring the most runs in a single MLB game after 1900
Texas Rangers (30/3 against Baltimore)
A children's media franchise about fruit that was kicked off by a YouTube short by Dane Boedigheimer.
The Annoying Orange.
The country with the most distinct land borders (not necessarily most distinct neighbors) (per Wikipedia)..
China
The sardonic name of the third derivative of acceleration with respect to time
Crackle
The year in which Chicago's highest population to date was recorded by the US census.
1950
The losing team of Super Bowl I (1967).
The Kansas City Chiefs
A geometric quantity used to solve Hilbert's third problem.
Dehn Invariant
The international border to have the largest difference in time zones across any land border, international or domestic.
China and Afghanistan
A biochemical process which is a key part of aerobic respiration, also known as the citric acid cycle
The Krebs cycle
Generally accepted to be the world's first skyscraper, built in 1885.
The Home Insurance Building.
The largest Canadian city not to host an NHL team
Quebec City
The given name of Shaggy, best friend to notable Great Dane Scooby Doo
Norville Rogers
The only pair of countries whose respective territories border only each other.
Haiti and the Dominican Republic
A layer of magnanese-rich clay on exposed rock, occasionally hypothesized to be produced by exotic biochemistry.
Desert varnish
That which is represented by the fourth star in the Chicago flag, after the Great Chicago Fire and the two world's fairs.
Fort Dearborn
The city in which Kareem Abdul-Jabbar set the NBA all-time scoring record in 1984.
Las Vegas