Knowing
This source of knowledge is based on demonstrable, objective facts determined through observation and/or experimentation.
What is Empirical knowledge?
This argument points to the improbable precision of the universe's physical constants as evidence of a designer.
What is the Fine-Tuning Argument?
This term describes faith that is based on trustworthy, examined evidence — as opposed to 'blind faith.'
What is reasoned faith?
This is the common counter argument to the fine-tuning argument.
What is the multi-verse?
This source of knowledge is arrived at by reasoning from a generally accepted 'point A' to a new 'point B.'
What is Logical (Rational) knowledge?
This argument reasons that if a 'maximally great being' could possibly exist, it must exist in every possible world — including the actual one.
What is the Ontological Argument?
This term names the theory of knowledge — the study that asks 'What is truth?' and 'How do you know what you know?'
What is Epistemology?
Critics of the moral argument might mention this as why the argument breaks down.
What is, there is no objective morality?
This source of knowledge is based on information received from people, books, institutions, or a supreme being — its strength depends on the strength of the source.
What is Authoritative knowledge?
This argument states that if objective moral values exist independently of human opinion, they must come from a transcendent source.
What is the Moral Argument?
This branch of philosophy is the study of existence and reality itself, rather than of what we can know.
What is Ontology?
In just five words, this criticism says the whole argument tries to do something to a being that simply can't be done with an idea.
What is: you can't define something into existence?
This source of knowledge takes forms such as belief, faith, or gut feeling, based on feeling rather than hard facts.
What is Intuitive (internal) knowledge?
This argument's three steps are: whatever begins to exist has a cause; the universe began to exist; therefore, the universe has a cause.
What is the Cosmological Argument?
The argument 'If a creature is a fish, it can swim; a human is not a fish; therefore a human cannot swim' is used to illustrate this point about faulty reasoning.
What is: faulty reasoning doesn't automatically make the conclusion false?
Skeptics challenge the cosmological argument's second premise with models of the universe having no true beginning at all, including a cyclic universe or this same theory used against fine-tuning.
What is the Multiverse?
This way of knowing might get categorized under the four, but is important for religious persons.
What is revelation?
This philosopher criticized the Ontological Argument, saying existence isn't a real property you can add to a concept to make it 'greater.'
Who is Kant?