Present perfect
Defining Relative Clauses
Nondefining Relative Clauses
Passive Voice
Past Perfect
100

Mon / work / there since 2016.

Mon has worked there since 2016.

100

Lewis is a boy. He is from the U.S.

Lewis is a boy who is from the U.S.

100

The Egyptian Museum is very interesting. It is near my house.

The Egyptian Museum, which is near my house, is very interesting.

100

The ancient Greeks invented the Olympic Games.

The Olympic Games were invented by the ancient Greeks.

100

Sam (be) a newspaper reporter before he (become) a businessman. 

Sam had been a newspaper reporter before he became a businessman.

200

They / never / see / a panda in the wild.

They have never seen a panda in the wild.

200

That is the car. It belongs to my father.

That is the car that belongs to my father.

200

My teacher is Ms. Allan. She told me about the Egyptians.

My teacher, who told me about the Egyptians, is Ms. Allan.

200

They paid her for the interview. 

She was paid for the interview.

200

I (feel) a little better after I (take) the medicine.

I felt a little better after I had taken the medicine.

300

I / be / interested in nature for a long time.

I have been interested in nature for a long time.

300

This is the place. The tornado started here.

This is the place where the tornado started.

300

Paris is the capital of France. My sister lives in Paris.

Paris, where my sister lives, is the capital of France.

300

Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.

The electric light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.

300

I was late. The teacher (already, give) a quiz when I (get) to class.

I was late. The teacher had already given a quiz when I got to class.

400

She / be / a member of the school gardening club since last year.

She has been a member of the school gardening club since last year.

400

Amina is the girl. Her hair is black.

Amina is the girl whose hair is black.

400

Rome is in Italy. The Romans built an amazing civilization.

Rome, where the Romans built an amazing civilization, is in Italy.

400

Someone has announced the news already.

The news has been announced already. 

400

It was raining hard, but by the time class (be) over, the rain ( stop).

It was raining hard, but by the time class was over, the rain had stopped.

500

Lucy / not email / her old friends for two days.

Lucy hasn“t emailed her old friends for two days.

500

I made friends with a boy. His yoyo was blue.

I made friends with a boy whose yoyo was blue.

500

Mrs. Smith does volunteer work at the hospital. She is a retired teacher. 

Mrs. Smith, who is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital.

500

People speak Spanish in many countries.

Spanish is spoken in many countries.

500

Dinosaurs (become) extinct by the time humankind first (appear).

Dinosaurs had become extinct by the time humankind first appeared.