Cell biology
Essential alterations in cell physiology that collectively lead to malignant growth of normal cells
What are the hallmarks of cancer?
Signals in the extracellular space are transmitted into the cell via transmembrane receptors that bind to a particular class of signaling molecules
What are growth signals?
The enzyme that is activated in cancer which allows, making cancer cells appear immortalized
What is telomerase?
Step of metastasis involving tumor growth
What is proliferation?
Process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, supplemented with a medium containing cell nutrients, growth factors, and antibiotics
What is cell culture?
Programmed cell death
What is apoptosis?
Proteins that act as a break mechanism to overrule the initiation of cell division
What are growth supressors?
First cell line to be "immortalized"
What are HeLa cells?
Expansion of growth and invasion of the basement membrane
What is local invasion?
Cells attached to a scaffold or a cluster of cells suspended in culture
What is a 3D cell model?
Dictates the number of divisions a cell can undergo
What is a telomere?
Increased production of extracellular growth signals and overexpression of growth signal receptors
What is sustained proliferative signaling?
Process by which new blood vessels are formed
What is angiogenesis?
Cancer cell process of entering the blood stream
What is intravasation?
Method to study the subcellular location of a protein by immunofluorescent staining and excitation using lasers
What is immunofluorescent microscopy?
Combination of potein fibers and proteoglycnas that forms the space between cells
What is the basement membrane?
Downregulation of proteins that prevent proliferation
What is evading growth suppressors?
Imbalance of pro- and anti- angiogenic signals which cause increased blood vessel formation
What is inducing angiogenesis?
Cancer cell found traveling in a blood vessel
What is a circulating tumor cell?
Method to quantify protein expression by separating molecules based on size
What is western blotting?
Process by which cancer spreads to a different part of the body
What is metastasis?
Increasing expression of anti-apoptotic regulators
What is evading cell death?
Characteristic of tumor blood vessels
What is leaky and disorganized?
Cancer cell invasion of a secondary tissue
What is colonization?
Analytical technique in which individual cells can be simultaneously analyzed for several parameters, like size, granularity, and expression of different proteins
What is flow cytometry?