Vocabulary
The type of approach to global history that takes Europe to be the main driver of modernization and social development world wide.
Eurocentrism
The approach to global history that takes things like Oceans, the "Sinosphere," or "Islamicate Eurasia" as the primary spaces of historical analysis over more traditional nation-states.
"Thinking in large regions"
This concept has been used by traditional world historians as a template for how modern countries ought to be; the assumption is that it is a concept that can be lifted from one place (usually Europe or the US) and applied to any other with ease. (Hint: discussed on Monday)
The nation-state
The approach to global history that conceives of the geographical world, both past and present, as nodes between which commodities, information, and people move and have moved.
The Network Approach
The historical situation in which European countries, and later on the US, took over smaller territories all around the world in order to establish colonies and extract resources.
Imperialism/colonialism.
The approach to global history illustrated by Gregory Cushman's history of guano, in which the historian focuses on the trade, the people involved, and the set of ideas associated with movement of Guano from South America, to the Pacific Islands, all the way to Britain and the United States.
The "following" paradigm.
This case study illustrates that the same foreign object can take on very different levels of importance depending upon the changing internal circumstances of a particular place. On the one hand, an object can be incorporated into a new context as an exotic gadget with little to no effect on the social regime of the time; a little later on, it could be one ingredient of many within a total reform project. (Hint: this was covered in Chapter 4).
The introduction of Western clocks to Japan
The mode of thinking that disregards traditional national boundaries, and instead attention is placed on those spaces that facilitated exchange across time and space. (Hint: it's mentioned several times in Chapter 6, but you'll have to do some careful reconstructing).
Transnationality
The approach to global history that analyzes one concrete subject in its own spatial and social specificity, and at the same time positions it within a global context
Micro-history
Andrew Zimmerman's book, Alabama in Africa, is a multilayered history in which conclusions reached at one level do not simply transfer to the next, but are analyzed on different levels of past social experience, including the micro-level of the Tuskegee complex in Alabama as well as the macro-level of the global restructuring of the production of raw materials. This book is thus an illustration of what historical concept?
Scale shifts
Historians always need to be aware of their own ________, which means that while they may write about the entire planet, they always do so from a particular place, and their narratives will partly be colored by the dynamics of that location. (Hint: from Chapter 4!)
Positionality / implicit historical bias
The approach to global history that sees the development of things like modernity or modern nation states as essentially European, but the spread of such concepts not as a march of universal reason and emancipation, but as a process of deprivation (on the part of recipient places by European imperialists). (Hint: this was discussed in the middle of Chapter 4).
The postcolonial subaltern approach
This author argued in his book Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World, that the emergence of nationalism in countries previously subjected to imperial/colonial dominance from Europe often took the form of an emphatic stress on the national spirituality of the non-Western in contrast to Western materialism. This approach is criticized by Conrad in Chapter 4.
Partha Chatterjee