What's That Wheeze?
Take it in Stridor
We Be-Lung Together
Breathe Easy
My Pneumonia
100
Two other medical conditions commonly associated with asthma
What are allergies and eczema?
100
The preferred steroid prescribed to a patient with croup.
What is oral dexamethasone?
100
The device/process can be used to increase inspiratory muscle strength.
incentive spirometer
100
This is how mucomyst (acetylcysteine) works to reduce/loosen mucus in the airway.
hydrolyzes the disulfide bonds of mucus proteins to decrease mucus viscosity, thereby facilitating its clearance
100
The most common pathogen for community acquired pneumonia in children 3 months to 2 years of age.
What are viruses?
200
The age at which Spirometry and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) are generally employed in children for diagnosing lung conditions.
What is age 6?
200
The first step in assessment for any child with stridor.
first determine the degree of airway compromise
200
This device provides high-frequency pulses to move mucus and aid in lung recruitment.
What is IPV? (intrapulmonary percussive ventilator)
200
This is the class of medication that is used to reduce the production of secretions.
What are anticholinergics? (examples: atropine, ipratropium, tiotropium, robinul/glycopyrrolate)
200
In a child less than 5 years of age, this is the most sensitive/specific finding for diagnosis of pneumonia.
What is tachypnea?
300
A concerning finding on exam of a child admitted for asthma exacerbation.
What is a silent chest? = indicates no air movement
300
The difference between inspiratory and expiratory stridor.
Inspiratory = extrathoracic
Expiratory = intrathoracic
300
what is a chest physical therapy device?
300
This group of antibiotics are used to reduce lung inflammation in patients with lung disorders such as asthma or COPD.
What are macrolides?
300
You should be suspicious for this pathogen in patients with bacterial pneumonia with a history of tracheostomies, cystic fibrosis, or immunosuppressants.
What is pseudomonas?
400
The mechanism of action of magnesium sulfate in treating asthma exacerbations
What is how Mg sulfate induces smooth muscle relaxation by acting on calcium channels, thus blocking influx of calcium into smooth muscle cytosol?
400
The 4 indications for hospitalization for croup.
>1 racemic epinephrine nebulization required, atypical age (<6 yrs), severe respiratory distress, dehydration
400
The method of pulmonology clearance that involves external percussion to the patient’s back to clear lung secretions -- which can be mechanical or manual.
What is Chest Physical Therapy?
400
The mechanism of this medication is a synthetic form of human deoxyribonuclease-1 used to break down extracellular DNA in the lungs (a major source of mucous viscosity).
What is Pulmozyme (dornase alfa)?
400
The 3 most common pathogens for patients <2 months of age.
What are GBS, Listeria and E. Coli?
500
The respiratory score for a 15 yo M who presents to the ED with a respiratory rate of 32, subcostal retractions, expiratory wheeze, and is only able to count to 6 in one breath.
7
500
This is how long the effect of a dose of racemic epinephrine lasts for.
What is 2 hours?
500
This medication should always be administered with a hypertonic saline nebulizer.
What is albuterol? (or xopenex) to reduce bronchospasms
500
DAILY DOUBLE! The first line treatment of community acquired pneumonia in outpatient vs inpatient setting. Additionally, treatment for an immunized vs nonimmunized patient.
Outpatient setting = Amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day (+/- Azithromycin for school-aged)
Inpatient setting = Ampicillin for fully immunized children OR 3rd generation cephalosporin in those that are NOT fully immunized
500
Signs that should make you consider getting a chest xray on a child with pneumonia.
Hypoxemia/respiratory distress, no improvement after 48-72 hours of antibiotic therapy
600
This was a major change made to the GINA guidelines in 2023.
What is: shifting away from using the terms “maintenance” and “reliever” and instead using “AIR” and “MART”? Ex: ICS-formeterol can be used as both AIR and MART.
600
A medication used in PICU for inpatient management of croup for patients with severe respiratory distress that persists despite other interventions.
What is heliox therapy?
600
The next best diagnostic step for a newborn with respiratory distress that does not respond to high flow oxygen.
what is an echo?
600
This needs to be adjusted when a blood gas from a patient on a ventilator reads: 7.23/50/85/20 (pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3)
what is ventilation? can adjust the tidal volume or respiratory rate
600
You should suspect this when a child with pneumonia has persistent fevers or worsening symptoms despite adequate antibiotic coverage.
What is parapneumonic effusion and/or empyema?