REAL FAKE NEWS
Nasa is installing internet on the moon.
REAL: Nasa will be building a 4G network on the moon, enabling them to control lunar robots.
What is the “one treatment for autism that has been proven to be somewhat effective?”
Behavioral Therapies
What was the purpose of the lerman study?
The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of the potential benefits of HBOT for three children whose parents had requested this intervention.
When the BCBA leaves an organization, who is responsible for old client information?
The organization.
True or false: you are allowed to discuss the exam content as long as it’s with a friend.
Couple in California name baby with emoji
FAKE: This story was completely made up and shared by a satirical news site.
Why has research funding for autism research increased in the past few years?
Rising demand by parents for proven treatments and increased public awareness.
How does non-behavioral treatments relate to our ethics codes?
According to the BACB, behavior analysts are “responsible for review and appraisal of likely effects of all alternative treatments, including those provided by other disciplines…”
What must a behavior analyst do before providing service or performing assessment?
Describe the conditions and obtain written consent.
How long do you have to confess your sins to BACB?
30 Days.
Eight-year-old girl pulls medieval sword from lake
REAL: This story was reported by The Guardian, the BBC and many other sources.
What percent of autistic children are receiving alternative treatments?
75%
What did Lerman mention as a difficulty in the appraisal of non-behavioral treatments such as HBOT?
“An appraisal based on review of the current literature is challenging when the intervention has not yet been subjected to adequate scientific scrutiny."
How should behavior analysts address conflicts?
By compromising when possible.
List 1 of the rules a behavior analyst must follow when discontinuing services
(a) Behavior analysts act in the best interests of the client and supervisee to avoid interruption or disruption of service.
(b) Behavior analysts make reasonable and timely efforts for facilitating the continuation of behavior analytic services in the event of unplanned interruptions (e.g., due to illness, impairment, unavailability, relocation, disruption of funding, disaster).(c) When entering into employment or contractual relationships, behavior analysts provide for orderly and appropriate resolution of responsibility for services in the event that the employment or contractual relationship ends, with paramount consideration given to the welfare of the ultimate beneficiary of services.
(d) Discontinuation only occurs after efforts to transition have been made. Behavior analysts discontinue a professional relationship in a timely manner when the client: (1) no longer needs the service, (2) is not benefiting from the service, (3) is being harmed by continued service, or (4) when the client requests discontinuation.
(e) Behavior analysts do not abandon clients. Prior to discontinuation, for whatever reason, behavior analysts: discuss service needs, provide appropriate pre-termination services, suggest alternative service providers as appropriate, and, upon consent, take other reasonable steps to facilitate timely transfer of responsibility to another provider
Gorilla learns to knit
FAKE: Gorillas are impressive, but they haven't mastered knitting yet.
Why did the cases of autism surge after the 1980s? (hint: NOT due to vaccines)
Because DSM had broaden the definition of autism and made the diagnostics criteria less stringent.
What are some limitations of the Lerman study?
Baseline did not include 60-min free access to preferred activities
Reduced instruction time may have counteracted gains produced by HBOT
May have reduced the MO for PB during HBOT
Mechanisms of HBOT is unclear
Unclear what treatment intensity is optimal
Unclear how quickly HBOT would take effect
Behavioral therapy was never withdrawn
Trending baselines makes it difficult to determine when HBOT should be introduced or what effects it had.
What is one of the instances in which a behavior analyst should document the process and outcomes?
When collaborating with colleges
When dealing with fees and billing.
What must you do first before arguing that punishment procedures are necessary?
Conduct a functional assessment.
Spinach is taught how to send emails
REAL. Look it up.
Name 5 dubious autism treatments.
Immunoglobulin; Vitamins and Supplements, Stem Cells, Lupron, Sensory integration Therapy, Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber, Chelation, Secretin, Gluten- and Casein-Free Diets, Facilitated Communication
Summarize the main findings of the Lerman study.
At the current “dosage,” HBOT did not improve task engagement or decrease problem behavior beyond that provided by ongoing behavior analytic services
HBOT did not increase spontaneous communication for 2/3 participants.
Conclusion: HBOT therapy was not worth the associated costs for these three children
List the conditions under which confidential information may be disclosed.
(1) when informed consent is obtained; (2) when attempting to protect the client or others from harm; (3) when attempting to resolve contractual issues; (4) when attempting to prevent a crime that is reasonably likely to cause physical, mental, or financial harm to another; or (5) when compelled to do so by law or court order.
What are the 4 considerations when using punishment procedures?
(a) Behavior analysts recommend reinforcement rather than punishment whenever possible.
(b) If punishment procedures are necessary, behavior analysts always include reinforcement procedures for alternative behavior in the behavior-change program.
(c) Before implementing punishment-based procedures, behavior analysts ensure that appropriate steps have been taken to implement reinforcement-based procedures unless the severity or dangerousness of the behavior necessitates immediate use of aversive procedures.
(d) Behavior analysts ensure that aversive procedures are accompanied by an increased level of training, supervision, and oversight. Behavior analysts must evaluate the effectiveness of aversive procedures in a timely manner and modify the behavior-change program if it is ineffective. Behavior analysts always include a plan to discontinue the use of aversive procedures when no longer needed.