Argument Basics
What is a claim?
A statement that expresses the writer’s main argument.
Which rhetorical appeal focuses on logic and facts?
Logos
Who gave the speech “Words Do Not Pay”?
Chief Joseph
Who was the student disqualified from a race for wearing a hijab?
Noor Alexandria Abukaram
Who is the speaker in the video about identity and stereotypes?
Aleeza Kazmi
What is a counterclaim?
The opposing viewpoint to the writer’s claim.
Which rhetorical appeal focuses on emotion?
Pathos
Which tribe did Chief Joseph represent?
The Nez Perce
Why was Noor disqualified from the race?
She did not have a waiver allowing religious headwear.
What comment did her teacher make that made her reflect on her identity?
The teacher suggested she use a different color.
What two things help support a claim?
Evidence and reasoning.
Which rhetorical appeal builds the speaker’s credibility?
Ethos
What major issue does Chief Joseph discuss in the speech?
Broken promises and unfair treatment of Native Americans.
What is a hijab?
A religious head covering worn by many Muslim women.
How did this comment make Kazmi feel?
Confused, uncomfortable, or like she didn’t fully belong.
Why do writers include counterclaims?
To address opposing viewpoints and strengthen their argument.
What rhetorical device repeats similar sentence structures for emphasis?
Parallelism
What does the phrase “Words do not pay for my dead people” mean?
Apologies and promises cannot undo the harm done.
How did Noor respond to the disqualification?
She spoke out publicly and advocated for rule changes.
What important realization did Kazmi eventually come to about her identity?
Answers Vary
What is the purpose of reasoning in an essay?
To explain how the evidence supports the claim.
Name one rhetorical device used in persuasive speeches.
Repetition, metaphor, rhetorical question, parallelism, etc.
Which rhetorical appeal is strongest when Chief Joseph describes the suffering of his people?
Pathos
What larger issue does Noor’s story highlight?
Religious freedom and fairness in sports.
What message does Kazmi want viewers to understand about identity?
People should be proud of their identity and not feel pressured to change who they are.