PEPTIC ULCER
DISEASE
DISEASE
The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease worldwide is:
A. Alcohol consumption
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Stress
D. Spicy food
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
A 28-year-old patient reports a burning sensation in the chest after eating spicy food, especially when lying down shortly after meals. Which condition is most consistent with these symptoms?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroenteritis
C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
D. Appendicitis
C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
A client is prescribed Sulfasalazine for the management of Crohn's disease. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
A. "Expect your urine and skin to turn a blue-green color."
B. "Take this medication on an empty stomach for maximum absorption."
C. "Increase your fluid intake to prevent crystal formation in the kidneys."
D. "Stop taking the medication immediately if you develop a headache."
C. "Increase your fluid intake to prevent crystal formation in the kidneys."
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with severe diarrhea?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to confirm Ulcerative Colitis?
A. Colonoscopy
B. Chest X-ray
C. Electrocardiogram
D. Urinalysis
A. Colonoscopy
The primary mechanism by which NSAIDs contribute to ulcer formation is:
A. Increased gastric acid secretion
B. Decreased prostaglandin synthesis
C. Increased bile secretion
D. Increased gastric emptying
B. Decreased prostaglandin synthesis
A patient diagnosed with GERD asks which food should be limited to reduce reflux symptoms. Which option should the nurse identify as a common trigger?
A. Steamed vegetables
B. Fried foods
C. Whole grain bread
D. Bananas
B. Fried foods
A nurse is assessing a client with long-standing Crohn’s disease. Which assessment finding most likely indicates the development of an entero-vesical fistula?
A. Presence of stool-like drainage from a surgical incision
B. Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumaturia (air in urine)
C. Foul-smelling vaginal discharge containing fecal matter
D. A palpable mass in the right lower quadrant
B. Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumaturia (air in urine)
Which preventive measure is most effective in reducing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Frequent handwashing
C. Taking daily antibiotics
D. Using vitamin supplements
B. Frequent handwashing
A client with severe Ulcerative Colitis is at risk for which life-threatening complication?
A. Pancreatitis
B. Toxic Megacolon
C. Appendicitis
D. Cholecystitis
B. Toxic Megacolon
A patient with PUD suddenly develops hematemesis and hypotension. The nurse suspects:
A. Gastric perforation
B. Gastric obstruction
C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
D. Esophageal varices
C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
GERD occurs when gastric acid repeatedly irritates which anatomical structure?
A. Gastric mucosa
B. Intestinal villi
C. Esophageal mucosa
D. Pancreatic duct
C. Esophageal mucosa
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client with an exacerbation of Crohn’s disease. Which of the following results should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
A. Decreased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
B. Decreased Serum Albumin
C. Increased White Blood Cell (WBC) count
D. Increased Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
E. Decreased Serum Potassium
B. Decreased Serum Albumin
C. Increased White Blood Cell (WBC) count
E. Decreased Serum Potassium
A patient with GERD complains of chronic dry cough, frequent throat clearing, and hoarseness, particularly in the morning. Lung examination is normal and there are no signs of infection. Which mechanism best explains these symptoms?
A. Gastric acid aspirated into the lungs causing pneumonia
B. Increased mucus production from bronchial glands
C. Refluxed gastric acid irritating the larynx and upper airway
D. Reduced oxygen exchange in the alveoli
C. Refluxed gastric acid irritating the larynx and upper airway
The nurse prepares a client for a Colonoscopy. Which instruction is most appropriate before the procedure?
A. Eat a high-fiber meal
B. Drink milk before the procedure
C. Take bowel-cleansing preparation
D. Avoid all fluids for 24 hours
C. Take bowel-cleansing preparation
Which statement best explains the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease?
A. Increased gastric mucus production
B. Imbalance between mucosal defense and acid-pepsin activity
C. Decreased gastric motility
D. Excess pancreatic enzyme secretion
B. Imbalance between mucosal defense and acid-pepsin activity
Which medication class works by neutralizing existing stomach acid and providing rapid but temporary relief of GERD symptoms?
A. Proton pump inhibitors
B. H2 receptor blockers
C. Prokinetic agents
D. Antacids
D. Antacids
A client is scheduled to begin Infliximab (Remicade) therapy for refractory Crohn’s disease. Which diagnostic test is the priority for the nurse to verify before the first dose is administered?
A. Chest X-ray and Tuberculin (PPD) skin test
B. Serum Creatinine and BUN
C. Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
D. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A. Chest X-ray and Tuberculin (PPD) skin test
A patient with chronic GERD continues to have severe symptoms despite lifestyle modification and proton pump inhibitor therapy. Imaging reveals that part of the stomach is protruding through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Which condition is most likely contributing to the patient’s GERD?
A. Hiatal hernia
B. Achalasia
C. Gastric volvulus
D. Pyloric stenosis
A. Hiatal hernia
A client with severe Ulcerative Colitis develops abdominal distention, fever, and decreased bowel sounds. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Encourage oral fluids
B. Administer antidiarrheal medication
C. Place the client in Trendelenburg position
D. Notify the physician immediately
D. Notify the physician immediately
5. Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming PUD?
A. Abdominal ultrasound
B. Upper GI endoscopy
C. CT scan
D. Stool culture
B. Upper GI endoscopy
A physician prescribes medication that suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase enzyme in parietal cells. Which medication class is being used?
A. Antacids
B. Proton pump inhibitors
C. Antiemetics
D. Antibiotics
B. Proton pump inhibitors
A client with Crohn’s disease is admitted with severe dehydration, weight loss of 10 lbs in two weeks, and 12 non-bloody, loose stools per day. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
A. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements
B. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity (perianal)
C. Deficient Fluid Volume
D. Disturbed Body Image
C. Deficient Fluid Volume
An 80-year-old patient with a history of heart failure develops gastroenteritis with severe vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse is planning IV fluid replacement. Which consideration is most important before initiating therapy?
A. Administer fluids rapidly to replace losses
B. Give hypotonic fluids only
C. Delay fluids until diarrhea stops
D. Monitor for fluid overload
D. Monitor for fluid overload
A nurse is caring for a client after Total Proctocolectomy for severe Ulcerative Colitis. Which outcome indicates the surgery was effective?
A. Increased bowel movements
B. Permanent cure of the disease
C. Need for lifelong antibiotics
D. Development of Crohn’s disease
B. Permanent cure of the disease