This
is
your
DNA and Modern Genetics
Review
100
These are the 3 things that can happen when a mutation occurs on a gene
What is nothing, a minor mutation, a great mutation (good or bad)?
100
Any change in DNA is referred to as
What is a mutation?
100
Selective breeding is
What is the process of selecting and breeding parent organisms to pass on particular traits to the offspring?
100
Transcription is
What is the process of transferring information from DNA to RNA?
100
This is the goal of the Human Genome Project
What is to sequence the 3 billion nucleotide pairs in a single set of human chromosomes?
200
Show the steps involved in making a protein by creating a DNA molecule with nine bases
A DNA molecule has two strands. It could look like:
A T C G G C T C A
T A G C C G A G T
200
When a scientist is practicing genetic engineering, they are specifically _____________ the DNA of an organism
What is changing?
200
This is when replication takes place
What is just before a cell divides?
200
This is the name of the chart that shows the pattern of inheritance through generations of families
What is a pedigree chart?
200
This is how early farmers used to breed crops
What is selective breeding?
300
An organism that is genetically identical to its parent is
What is a clone?
300
Two disadvantages of selective breeding are
1) can decrease the genetic diversity of a crop and possibly weaken the crop if environmental conditions change?
2) is limited to related species
300
Two advantages of genetic engineering are
1) allows scientists to extract single genes from one species and transfer them to another species.
2) is more precise than selective breeding because the gene that carries the desired trait is specifically targeted.
3) can be used to produce crops that are specifically intended for certain conditions (salty soil, reduced water availability, etc)
300
Show how DNA is used as a template to produce a strand of mRNA
One of the strands is used as a template to produce a strand of mRNA
DNA -> A T C G G C T C A
mRNA -> U A G C C G A G U
**U is substituted for T
300
Describe how tRNA translates mRNA into a protein
What is mRNA is translated by tRNA, with three bases being decoded as a triplet. Each triplet brings in an amino acid that is part of a protein.
400
Two disadvantages of genetic engineering are
1) it requires complicated techniques and equipment
2) the selected traits might move from a genetically modified population into a natural population.
3) added genes could have unknow ill effects on the environment or on people and other organisms
400
Translation is
What is the actual assembly of of the amino acids in their proper sequence?
400
These are two advantages of selective breeding
What are:
1) no complicated techniques or equipment are needed
2) can be used to produce new crop varieties
3) doesn't involve the danger of possible unknown ill effects that may result from transferring genes across species
400
DNA contains a code that does these two things
What is making RNA and making proteins?
400
This is what determines a genetic code
What is the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA?
500
Give a detailed description of what happens during replication
What is the two strands of DNA unwind and separate. Each strand is used as a template to make a new DNA strand. One DNA molecule becomes two DNA molecules?
500
This term means taking a gene from one species and transferring it into the DNA of an organism from another species
What is genetically modified?
500
Go to the board and draw and label a basic picture of transcription taking place
500
This is what happens during replication
What is the DNA is copied as the bases match up?
500
Describe in detail what is happening during translation
What is translation occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell on the ribosomes. The mRNA sequence is coded by the tRNA, which brings amino acids together in the proper sequence at the ribosome. The ribosomes attach these amino acids together to form proteins? **Happens after transcription.