One
Why did people start settling in River Valleys around 9,000 B.C.?
It had the resources they needed (water and farmland).
Where did farming first develop?
In the Eastern Hemisphere around 3500 to 500 B.C.
Why were the first systems of writing created?
In order to make laws and record wealth.
What types of technology helped create a food surplus?
Wheel, calendar, fertilizer, irrigation, and metal working.
Civilizations in what area were the first to use bronze tools around 3,500 B.C.?
Southwest Asia
What is a civilization?
A group of people who work together and share their culture or patterns of behavior.
What happened when patterns of behavior became more complex?
The specialization of skills increased.
What formed out of a need to explain the mysterious events in the geographic environment?
Religious patterns
What is the name given to people who learned to apply heat to a combination of metals in order to create better tools?
Metallurgists
What is the name given to the period in which people started using bronze tools?
Bronze Age
What are patterns of behavior?
The daily routines formed by people working together.
What formed once specialization of skills created new technology that led to a surplus of tradable goods?
Economic patterns
Where did farming begin?
In Southeast Asia around 9,000 B.C.
What ended the Neolithic Era and began the Age of Metals?
When tools started being made out of metals instead of stone.
What was the strongest of all metals and what color ore was used to create it around 1,200 B.C.?
Iron was the strongest and it comes from red ore.
What incentives are there for people to work together?
To survive and prosper.
What happened when some people began to accumulate more wealth that others?
Social patterns
What major River Valley Civilizations emerged around 3500 to 500 B.C.?
Mesopotamia (Tigris/Euphrates), Egypt (Nile), Indian (Indus), and China (Huang He).
How are periods of history named?
By the type of material used to make tools (ex. Bronze Age).
What system was used for trade before the invention of money?
Barter System
What did a food surplus allow settlements to do?
Expand into villages, towns, and eventually cities.
What formed out of a need to protect the accumulated wealth?
Political patterns
Which River Valley Civilization developed the wheel?
Mesopotamia
How did metallurgists create the metal alloy bronze?
By combining copper and tin.
Where did cultural diffusion often take place?
Along trade routes, especially along rivers in the Eastern Hemisphere.