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Who start the religion of Islam?
Muhammad
Five acts of worship demanded of all Muslims: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
Five Pillar of Islam
What was the significance of the Battle of Tours?
It stopped the advance of Islam into France and insured the dominance of Christianity in Europe.
What are some of the scientific contributions and achievements of the Islamic Empire?
Arabic numerals, algebra, medicine, and expansion of geographic knowledge.
Ideas, beliefs, and practices that have their historical roots in Judaism and Christianity.
Judeo-Christian
Where did the Islam originate?
On the Arabian Peninsula in Mecca and Medina.
What do Muslims think of Biblical people like Jesus and Moses?
They consider them to be great prophets.
Why was Islam able to spread so rapidly?
The empires it defeated were weak, it had political unity, and the Arabic language facilitated trade and intellectual activity.
A Muslim place of worship.
Mosque
A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
Islam
Where did Islam spread?
Across Asia, Africa, and into Spain.
How did the death of the Muslim Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib effect the followers of Islam?
It divided them into two groups (Sunni/Shia), and led to infighting.
Did slavery exist in the Islamic Empire?
Yes, but it wasn't based on race.
The two main branches within Islam (85-90% in the first; 10-15% in the second).
Sunni and Shia
The number system adopted by the Europeans after the cumbersome Roman numerals; still used today.
Hindu-Arabic Number System
Is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic?
Monotheistic
What two major Biblical cities were captured by Muslims?
Jerusalem and Damascus
What happened to the political unity of the Islamic Empire?
It was short lived.
People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.
Mongols
Muslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock.
Dome of the Rock
The holy book of Islam
Quran (Koran)
Where was the capital of the Islamic Empire eventually moved?
Bagdad
What are some cultural contributions and achievements of the Islamic Empire?
Architecture (Dome of the Rock), Mosaics, Arabic Alphabet, Universities, and the translation of ancient texts into Arabic.
People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others.
Prophets
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.
Mecca