A stage of moral reasoning that is characterized by self-interest and obedience relating to punishment and reward.
What is Pre-conventional
100
When you have the highest level of control, the least amount of confounds possible and the greatest ability to generalize our results.
What is a Experimental Design
100
Environmental (e.g., lighting levels, confederates), Instructional (e.g., stimuli, researcher provides little info or a lot) and Invasive (e.g., drugs, treatment, etc.,).
What are Kinds of Independent Variables (IV)
100
All things that are smoked are good for you,
Cigarettes are smoked
Therefore, cigarettes are good for you.
What is a Syllogism
100
An inferential statistic that, when below a certain number, tells us whether the patterns we've found in the data are significant or not.
What is a p-value of .05
200
Interpersonal Accord and Conformity as well as Social order and Authority are substages of this moral reasoning stage.
What is Conventional
200
An alternate explanation for your results or something that introduces unsystematic variation into your study.
What is a Confound or Third Variable Problem
200
Physiological (e.g., cortisol levels), Self-report (e.g., ratings from scales) and Behavioural (e.g., observing facial expressions) measures.
What are Kinds of Dependent Variables (DV)
200
When we have a malleable view of what we accept as moral or immoral which has upper and lower bounds
(e.g., stealing a pen from work is still stealing, but do we really classify this as a crime or as a truly immoral act? Would we feel the same about stealing money from work?)
What is Categorization flexibility
200
A kind of analysis that can account for variability from a number of variables and that allows us to explain variability in one variable by using another variable.
What is Regression Analysis
300
He developed a theory of moral reasoning that builds upon itself in stages that correspond to age and is linear in its progression.
Who is Kohlberg
300
We use this in experimental design to determine a "baseline" to which we can compare our treatment or intervention condition to.
What is Control Condition
300
Where DVs and IVs are not present?
(Hint: where we use regular old variebles!)
What is Non-experimental designs
300
When context is king! We might know something is wrong in principle, but we don't always think about it or morally evaluate all of our actions while we are IN a given situation.
What is Lapses of Moral Attention
300
Examines differences between 2 groups. If you have more than 2 groups, CAN’T use this kind of statistical evaluation.
What is a t-test
400
Situations that place different ethical principles in competition (e.g., is it ethical or not for Joe to throw a bystander in front of a street car in order to save 5 people?).
What is an Moral Dilemma
400
Experimental designs require these two things: the 1st helps us isolate variable(s) of interest and the 2nd helps us to affect change on the dependent variable.
What is Control and Manipulation
400
Factors that we are NOT manipulating, but are controlling (e.g., room temperature, lighting, presentation rate, experimental software) in order to maintain consistency across conditions.
(Hint: it's the opposite of a variable)
What is a Constant
400
Prior knowledge can drastically change our performance as we may ignore information in the environment and use our prior knowledge.
(Hint: a term also used in sports to call a "foul")
What is Interference
400
Accuracy(Valid) - Accuracy(Invalid) =
What is a Bias-Belief Score
500
Two substages in the final stage of moral reasoning focused on principles of justice.
What is Social Contract Orientation and Universal Ethical Principles
500
The name of the study that examined decision-making by manipulating physiological arousal using a scary setting and gender of the researcher who met them.
(Hint: it's a tourist attraction in BC)
What is the Capilano Suspension Bridge Study
500
A factor that CANNOT be manipulated as participants have a particular level (e.g., personality) that is fixed.
(Hint: in other words, it's a variable that "correlates" with another variable we want to isolate)
What is a Covariate
500
We are more likely to violate morals norms when we observe an in-group member acting in the same manner (e.g., I see a Carleton student cheating, I'm a Carleton student, it must be okay for us to do this!)
What is In-group Morality
500
The kind of statistical test that analyzes the variance in a data set and us an F statistic.
(Hint: we are using this exact thing in our assignment #2)
What is A Two-Factor ANOVA with Repeated Measures on Both Factors