Vocabulary
What are the 4 macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is ATP?
Stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
Is the molecule that provides usable energy to a cell
What is a chromosome?
DNA wrapped around proteins (bundled DNA)
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food. (like plants)
What is a solvent?
liquid that is able to dissolve other substances (the liquid in which the solute is dissolved in)
Name this process 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Photosynthesis
What happens during transcription?
A cell copies DNA into complementary mRNA
What is one difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Prokaryotes no nucleus vs. Eukaryotes have a nucleus
Prokaryotes no membrane bound organelles vs. Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes circular DNA vs. Eukaryotes generally linear DNA organized into chromosomes
Prokaryotes are smaller (0.2-2 µm) vs. Eukaryotes are larger (10-100 µm).
Prokaryotes are always unicellular vs. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.
What are two examples of heterotrophs?
Answers will vary (human, cow, fly, etc.)
What is gel electrophoresis?
Separation of molecules in a gel based on size and charge (the process we used to look at and compare bacterial DNA)
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
What happens during translation?
What is one type of cell transport that requires energy?
Protein pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Only what percent of energy is transferred from trophic level to trophic level?
About 10%
What is osmosis?
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (from more concentrated water to less concentrated water)
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP
What molecule is present in DNA but not RNA?
Thymine (RNA has Uracil)
What is an isotonic solution?
Concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell
Where happens to most of the energy in a trophic level?
90% of the energy is used by the organisms in the trophic level.
What is the rfp gene?
Stands for red fluorescent protein. It is the gene we introduced to the bacteria to make them turn red.
What produces more ATP, glycolysis or the electron transport chain? How much more?
Transcribe this section of DNA into mRNA
ATGGCT
UACCGU
How is the cell membrane related to homeostasis?
The cell membrane is related to homeostasis because its selective permeability controls what enters and leaves the cell in order to maintain stable internal conditions
If a producer produces 500 Joules of energy, how much energy does the SECONDARY consumer likely get from just that producer?
5 Joules (500 Joules->50 Joules for primary consumer->5 Joules for secondary consumer)