Borders & Borderlands
According to Julianna Barr, Europeans whose descendants would create the United States did not come to an unsettled wilderness but did what?
What is grafted their colonies and settlements onto long-existent Indian homelands?
According to Sleeper-Smith, what had global implications, influencing the direction of European colonization, shaping transatlantic empires, and changing the consumer worlds of Indians and Europeans?
What is the Indian trade
According to Rice, what is the "American paradox"?
What is the intimate marriage between freedom and slavery in which the emerging rhetoric of American liberty was completely intertwined with the rise of racial slavery?
This American general traveled to Haudenosaunee lands in 1779
Who was General John Sullivan?
According to Jortner, these are essential pedagogy
What are maps?
This legal principle was shaped by the religious and ethnocentric ideas of European and Christian superiority over other races and religions of the world
What was the Doctrine of Discovery?
This individual is attributed to sparking the California Gold Rush
Who was John Sutter?
Showing examples of precolonial North America and early encounters with Natives and Europeans helps to illustrate what?
What is that "slavery" has not been one fixed practice across space and time
This myth was typical of American ideas about Native peoples
What is the myth of the "vanishing Indian"?
These articles were used by civilian policymakers to further President Ulysses S. Grant's "peace policy" after the Civil War
What are treaties?
We cannot begin to understand how Euro-American colonialism wore away at Indian sovereignty unless we do what?
What is know-how Indians exercised power over the land and vis-a-vis their Native and European neighbors?
This trade was established upon the foundations of the North Atlantic fishing trade and the fur trade
What is the cloth trade?
What three forces drove the late seventeenth-century transition during and immediately after Bacon's Rebellion?
What is the expanding Indian slave trade in the Southeast, unspoken compromise among Virginians over Indian policy, and colonists fearing vast conspiracy of neighbor Indians, the Iroquois, and international Catholicism?
Who stated, "It is also to be hoped in their confusion, they may neglect in some places to remove the old men, women, and children, and that these may fall into our hands"?
Who was George Washington?
Rather than showing population distribution, economic power, or environmental impact, most maps show this
What are political power and sovereignty claims?
This idea incorporated the Doctrine of Discovery to justify US westward expansion
What was Manifest Destiny?
Albert Hurtado locates the "discovery of gold" not within a single non-Indian adventurer but what
What is a collective product of Indian and non-Indian labor?
Slavery is distinguished from other categories by the following attributes
What is natal alienation, social death, dishonor, and extreme inequality of power, and permanence of status?
This corrupted system contributed to the Dakota War of 1862
What was the spoils system?
According to Ostler, the practice of US warfare against Indians can be described as?
What is "total warfare"?
Barr's concerns with Indian borders arose from these two concerns
What is that all the Americas became a "borderland" up for grabs & US history textbooks encourage a cockeyed vision of America with its maps
This trade created a consumer revolution on both sides of the Atlantic, radically changing European and Indian dress
What is the fur trade
The expansion of this came after the supply of indentured servants from England sharply contracted and before large numbers of enslaved Africans became available to Virginia's planters
What is the Indian slave trade?
This woman might have volunteered to plant false information to the invading American forces?
Who was Madame Sancho?
According to Jortner, what is the dominant cartography model?
What is the empty continent?
These were developed to try to prove first discoveries and to establish which country could legally claim the rights of discovery
What were official rituals?
This act provided for legalized Indian slavery and the theft of Indian orphans and lands
What was the 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians?
What geographic region does Conrad use to highlight the relationship between African and Indian slavery, and how European colonialism affected Native practices of captivity and slavery over time in a particular region?
What is Costal Carolina?
This event was the largest mass execution in US history
What was the hanging of the Dakota 38 in Manketo, Minnesota?
Little Bighorn (Battle of Greesy Grass) is described by Ostler as what?
What is a "potential massacre"?
According to Barr, maps made by Europeans "on the ground" showcase Native settlements and boundaries because?
What is Native peoples controlled the lands and thoroughfares through which Europeans moved
This Dutch symbolized empire and wealth through what item
What are Beaver hats?
This event marked the beginning of Bacon's Rebellion and lasted well after
What was the Susquehannock War?
According to Pearsall, narratives of systematic violence must also allow for what?
What are narratives of survival & resistance?
This map showing all the lands judicially recognized through diplomatic treaties established by the US government provides a starting place
What is the map of the United States Indian Claims Commission from 1979?
This region was witness to US acts of possession in the nineteenth century
What was the Pacific Northwest (Oregon Territory)
US history textbooks encourage these two kinds of Indian erasure
What are Indians out of the picture & collapsing of Indians into the category of "Californios"
Conrad discusses this link between American indians and the history of slavery throughout North America and US history
What was Native dispossession amid the expansion of the political economy of slavery?
This Native nation was removed from their homelands of the Four Sacred Mountains of the northern New Mexico Territory to a government reservation 400 miles away at Bosque Rodondo
Who is the Dine (Navajo)
To justify intervention, army officials characterized these people as planning an uprising against settlers throughout much of the American West
Who are the Lakota Ghost Dancers?
According to Barr, revising the US history textbooks is critical to understanding what?
What are Indian power & sovereignty and the patterns & limits of European colonialism?
This group exerted an influence on the types of cloth that became the staple of the fur trade
Who are Indian women?
The argument between Nathanial Bacon & Governor Berkely focused entirely on the question of what?
What was how best to conduct the Susquehannock War?
Putting Indian women at the center of our accounts demonstrates what?
What is how Anglo-Americans in the American Revolutionary War adopted new forms of systematic violence against Indigenous people, specifically women and children?
Employing erroneous maps perpetuates the myth of what?
What is that European nations and the United States ruled through discovery rather than diplomacy and conquest?
What are the three tenets of Manifest Destiny?
What is the US possesses unique moral virtues other countries do not possess, US has a mission to redeem the world by spreading republican government and the American way of life around the globe, and the US was divinely ordained to accomplish those tasks
US history textbooks leave out mentioning this fact
What is Indian rights and ownership of their lands and resources?
This event provided the further expansion of Anglo settlement and cotton cultivation
What was Indian removal?
These nations, under the leadership of Black Kettle, were attacked by John Chivington in 1864, resulting in the Sand Creek massacre
Who is the Cheyenne and Arapaho?
What are the two problems with an approach to Indian warfare in the West that emphasizes a structural analysis of violence and other forms of destruction inherent in US empire building
What is Indians as victims and Indian people are not seen or heard?