Show:
Airway
Breathing & Circulation
Environmental Emerg.
Trauma
Medical
100
What is the most common airway obstruction in an unresponsive patient?
The tongue
100
What needs to be assessed on a B check?
Look: at the rise and fall of the chest (front and back) and amount of effort used Listen: for breath sounds, amount the patient is able to speak, gasping Feel: for chest wall integrity and movement symmetry (front and back), air movement from the mouth and nose on your cheek
100
True or false: During a lightning strike, pulseless and apneic patients should be treated last by responders?
False. CPR should be started immediately on lightning strike patients, unless they have obvious signs of injuries unsustainable for life.
100
What are all the components to a full head to toe physical assessment?
Head/face C-Spine Neck/throat Clavicles Chest Abdomen Pelvis Legs/feet Arms/hands Spine
100
What are the assessment questions for obtaining a patient's medical history and information about him/her?
SAMPLE OPQRST
200
What are the assessment steps for checking a patient's airway?
Look: for loose teeth, obstructions, blood, vomit, etc Listen: for noise. A noisy airway is an endangered airway Feel: for air movement from the nose and mouth
200
What is the first thing a responder should do when a sucking chest wound is found on the B check?
Cover the wound with a gloved hand or have the patient place the palm of his/her hand over the wound while an occlusive dressing is being made.
200
What is the third most common cause of death in children? (It is the fourth cause of death in adults)
What is drowning.
200
What is a hemothorax?
When blood begins collecting between the chest wall and the lung (in the pleural cavity). S/S may include: SOB, rapid HR, bloody or pink colored sputum
200
What are some of the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Facial drooping, arm or leg drift, slurred speech, use of inappropriate words (cow, unicorn, asparagus, etc), unequal smile, inability to say anything, worst headache of their life, facial or extremity numbness/weakness.
300
A 23 year old female was found unresponsive, surrounded by textbooks, and snoring in the library. The most appropriate airway maneuver would be:
What is the head tilt chin lift
300
What will stop most bleeds? What do you do if the bleed continues?
4x4 gauze pads and a tight roller gauze wrap will stop most bleeds. If that doesn't stop the bleed, proceed to place an ACE or elastic wrap for a pressure dressing.
300
What category of snakes is responsible for the most envenomations in the US? AND what are the treatment steps for a patient with a snake bite?
Pit vipers are responsible for 99% of envenomations in the US. Treatment: scene safety, remove jewelry from patient, rest, reassure, rapidly evacuation the patient, and constant CSM checks.
300
What are the classifications of burns? (looking for extent of burn)
Superficial: redness and local pain and tenderness Partial thickness: blister formation. Shallow: wet, red, painful blisters. Deep: dry, mottled, partially painful blisters. Full thickness: skin is charred through the tissues that underlie it. Skin may appear red, black, or white/waxy. No pain at the wound site, but very painful surrounding it. "Bulls-eye" pattern of depth
300
What are the evacuation criteria for abdominal emergencies? (need at least 6)
1. Abd pain following serious injury, 2. pain lasting greater than 8 hours, 3. pain associated with the inability to drink or retain fluids for more than 24 hours, 4. pain with the possibility of pregnancy, 5. pain with rigid or distended abdomen, 6. pain with tenderness when walking, sneezing, coughing, jumping etc, 7. pain with fever, 8. pain with vomiting and headache, 9. pain with signs and symptoms of internal bleeding
400
An 80 year old male was found unresponsive at the base of his ladder after taking down Christmas lights. His wife called 911 when she was unable to wake him up. Responders find an unresponsive male with gurgling noises from his airway. Responders quickly perform a:
Log roll with guttering.
400
What is considered critical blood loss in a children? What is considered critical blood loss in an adult?
What is 1 liter of blood loss in a child. And 2 liters blood loss in an adult.
400
Describe the differences between heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps.
Heat stroke: this is a life threatening injury. The body has lost its ability to thermo-regulate. This is a temperature problem. Rapid cooling is needed. Rapid evacuation. Heat exhaustion: this is a fluid problem. The patient loses water and becomes dehydrated (usually through exercise). The patient can be: pale, cool, headache, nauseous, rapid heart rate, etc. Heat cramps: this is usually an electrolyte issue. The patient will have muscle pain or spasms usually due to water and electrolyte loss.
400
What are the rules of splinting?
1. Keep them simple 2. Check CSM before and after 3. Immobilize above and below 4. Avoid the void 5. Position of function
400
An 18 year old female went jogging and forgot her inhaler. She began having increasing shortness of breath, and waved you over to help her. She is AOx4, airway is patent, breathing is labored and rapid at 40 bpm with wheezing on exhalation, and you note some slight cyanosis around her lips. Another bystander called 911. What should you do to try and help this patient until an ambulance arrives?
Help patient to position of comfort (probably tripod position). Continue to monitor ABCs. Help to coach the patient with slower, regular breaths. Keep the patient calm.
500
What is the difference between "guttering" a patient's airway and "finger sweeping" a patient's airway?
Guttering: used for fluid, vomit, or blood in patient's mouth. Draw the patient's cheek down to allow fluid to drain. Finger sweep: (To be done very carefully) used for objects such as food, chewing gum, teeth, etc. Turn the patient's head or log roll the patient onto one side and sweep debris out of the mouth with your finger to clear a potential airway obstruction.
500
If an asthma patient still has a pulse but has stopped breathing, what should responders do for the patient?
Open airway and begin administering rescue breaths
500
What are the predisposing factors of hypothermia? (need to list at least 7 for points)
1. Dehydration, 2. exhaustion, 3. acute malnutrition, 4. immobilization, 5. alcohol, 6. impaired shivering, 7. burns, 8. extremes of age spectrum, 9. lack of cold adaptation, 10. central nervous system injuries or spinal injuries, 11. diabetes
500
What can be signs and symptoms of a patient with a head injury? Must list 7 for credit.
1. altered LOR 2. repetitive questioning and/or inability to recall recent events 3. nausea, vomiting, projectile vomiting 4. lethargy 5. headache 6. seizures 7. signs of a skull fracture 8. unequal pupils 9. lost of visual acuity, visual disturbances, or hallucinations 10. blood or CSF from ears/nose 11. posturing 12. Battle's Sign or Racoon Eyes
500
What are the common causes of low blood sugar emergencies in a type one diabetic?
1. Person changes daily routine 2. Takes normal insulin but has lower caloric intake 3. Take normal insulin, eats normally, and exercises strenuously 4. Takes too much insulin for diet and exercise levels