Ecology 1
What is an autotroph?
An organism that produces its own food. (Plants, algae)
What is a primary consumer? What does it eat?
Herbivores, they eat plants
Which survivorship curve and selection type do humans have?
Type 1, k-selected
Internal breastplate modification for flight muscle attachment.
Keel
Type of bird with hooked beaks, sharp talons, and great eyesight.
Raptors (Hawks, owls, eagles, osprey, etc.)
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food. (Animals, fungi)
What does the 10% rule limit?
How many trophic levels are in an ecosystem.
What type of survivorship curve would a bird with equal chance of survival throughout its life be?
Type 2
Type of bird with short beak for seeds and insects and feet with three claws in front, one in back.
Song bird
Body feathers of a bird
Contour
What is a secondary consumer? What does it eat?
It eats herbivores.
What is a detritovore? What are some examples?
A type of decomposer that eats dead organic matter. Worms, vultures.
What type of selection type would an organism with high survivorship and stable environmental conditions have?
K-selection
Type of bird with long, sharp beak and feet with two claws in front, two in back
Woodpecker
Feathers used for insulation/buoyancy
Down/semiplume
What is the ten percent rule for energy transfer in ecology?
The ten percent rule of energy transfer states that each level in an ecosystem only gives 10% of its energy to the levels above it.
What happens to biomass as trophic levels increase?
Biomass decreases due to less energy available.
What type of selection type would an animal with high predation have?
r-selection, high reproduction.
Feather used for lift and attached to forearm
Secondary
Feather used for thrust and attached to "hand"
Primary
What is biomagnification?
The gradual accumulation of a substance such as pesticides or other chemicals in organisms within higher trophic levels.
If a cougar eats a hare that has a total of 350 kilocalories of food energy, how many kilocalories are converted to biomass if the cougar loses 85 percent of the food energy to waste and cellular respiration?
52.5 Kilocalories
Which survivorship strategy costs more energy?
None, they allocate their energy to different strategies. All energy into a few offspring with high parental care and survival, or all energy into many offspring with low parental care and survival.
What are the modifications to bird wings for flight?
Pneumatic (honeycomb structure with internal supports) with air pockets for beathing, weight reduction, and flexibility.
How do birds breathe?
Air sacs hold air ventrally and dorsally, small lungs, and bones hold air. Two-breath system where air is pushed from air sacs into the lungs for continuous air into the lungs and tissues. One-way flow.