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Foundations
French
Italian
Germany
Miscellaneous
100
The original method of making "Methode Champenoise", in which the second fermentation takes place in the bottle in which it is sold.
What is Champagne Method
100
A mold, Botrytis cinerea, which infects certain types of grapes in late fall, when morning mists and afternoon sun create ideal growing conditions for the mold.
What is Noble Rot
100
The highest classification for Italian wines.
What is DOCG
100
A procedure of adding sugar to grape juice or must prior to or during fermentation to attain the necessary level of alcohol.
What is Chaptalization
100
Spanish red wines achieving a DO designation that must age for five years (with two of those years in a wooden barrels) and white and rose wines must age for four years (six months in wood)
What is Gran Reserva?
200
Wines that are traditionally served before meals as an appetizer or cocktail. They are often fortified with herbal ingredients.
What is Apertif Wine
200
Literally, 'growth", areas signaled out by French government wine regulations as producing the highest quality wines.
What is Cru
200
The authority that establish 20 wine producing regions in Italy. Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Tuscany, Lathium being a few.
What is DOC
200
Ordinary sparkling wine from Germany
What is Sekt
200
The famous fortified sweet wine from Portugal.
What is Port?
300
Sometimes called the secondary fermentation. Can easily occur in fermentation process. No alcohol is actually produced. This is a bacterial change that converts harsh malic acid into lactic acid and carbon dioxide. Wines undergoing this process becomes softer and smoother.
What is Malolactic Fermentation
300
Literally, "country wine." French wines with term on the label must come from the region of production claimed; one or more classic grape varieties are required; yield is controlled and alcohol levels prescribed and are on the label.
What is Vin de Pays
300
The Italian word for "sparkling wine".
What is Spumante
300
German word meaning "dry"
What is Trocken
300
Spain's most famous wine whose production is limited by INDO to the wine-producing area of Jerez.
What is sherry?
400
Phenolic compounds, drawn from the skins and pips of grapes, which impart a sharp, bitter flavor to the wine. A wine with too little of this is said to be weak with little structure.
What is Tannins
400
A French term that refers to the growing environment of a specific area, the total vineyard environment, including the soil and its makeup, chemical qualities, the climate, amount of sun, moisture conditions and alcohol, and so on.
What is Terroir
400
High quality wines from Tuscany that, due to production methods outside of regulations established by the DOC, are classified as "vino da travola.
What is Super Tuscan
400
"wine of the land"
What is Landwein
400
A sulfur compound found in wines and other foods, it is dangerous to the health of a relatively small proportion of people allergic to it.
What is sulfite?
500
The juice of freshly crushed grapes that will be fermented into wine, can include pulp, skins and seeds.
What is Must
500
Literally, "name controlled." A wine with this term on the label belongs to the highest classification of French wines and an agency of the French government strictly regulates it.
What is Appellation Controlee (AC)
500
The Italian designation reserved for the area which produces the best wine within DOC - defined region
What is Classico
500
"quality wine from designated regions"
What is QbA