Random
What does a normal heart sound like?
"lub-dub"
What is happening during the systolic blood pressure?
The heart is contracting
What do you call the number when you hear the last thump
Diastolic
Difference between arteries and veins?
Veins carry blood to the heart while arteries carry blood from the heart
Why are the valves in the heart important?
Stops back flow
where is oxygenated blood generally found?
They are generally found in the arteries (1 exception)
What blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated and the pulmonary arteries
What blood vessel transports blood from the left ventricle to the entire body? Is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Aorta and oxygenated
What blood vessel carries blood from the entire body to the right atria? Is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Vena cava and the blood is deoxygenated
What blood vessels travel blood from the lungs to the left atrium? is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Pulmonary vein and the blood is oxygenated
Why are Purkinje fibers important?
stimulus meets small fibers at the apex (bottom) of the heart that then spread that stimulus up and around through the rest of the heart to coordinate contraction of the ventricles
What are the 3 main parts the brain are divided into?
The cerebrum , cerebellum and the brain stem
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
responsible for coordination of voluntary movements such as posture balance, coordination and speech
What is the brain stem responsible for?
Brainstem controls basic life functions such as breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure.
What is the difference between a sulcus and a gyrus?
A sulcus is a groove or valley, a gyrus is a ridge or bump, and together they form the folded surface of the brain to increase surface area.
Where are ECG leads placed on the body?
For a standard 12-lead ECG, 10 electrodes are attached to the body: four limb electrodes placed on the arms and legs to record electrical perspectives in the frontal plane, and six chest (precordial) electrodes placed in specific intercostal spaces to record perspectives in the horizontal plane
A 75-year-old woman is brought to the clinic by her daughter because she has become increasingly forgetful over the past three years. She frequently repeats the same questions, forgets recent conversations, and once became lost while walking in her own neighborhood. She can no longer manage her finances or medications independently. An MRI shows generalized shrinkage of the brain without evidence of a recent stroke.What does she have?
Alzheimer's Disease
A 63-year-old man with a 20-year history of diabetes and poorly controlled hypertension reports fatigue, loss of appetite, swelling of both ankles, and frequent nighttime urination. Blood tests reveal elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), while urine testing shows persistent protein. His estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is 25 mL/min/1.73 m².What does he have?
Chronic Kidney Disease
A 46-year-old woman is admitted after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea for four days. She appears dehydrated, has dry mucous membranes, and reports producing very little urine. Blood tests show a sudden increase in creatinine and BUN compared with results from one month ago. A kidney ultrasound shows no evidence of urinary obstruction.What does she have?
Acute Kidney Injury
A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a generalized seizure at work. His coworkers report that he suddenly fell to the floor, lost consciousness, stiffened, and then had rhythmic jerking movements of his arms and legs for about two minutes. After the seizure stopped, he remained confused and very sleepy for approximately 20 minutes. His wife mentions that he had a similar episode six months ago but did not seek medical attention. He has no history of diabetes or recent head injury. His vital signs are stable, and his blood glucose level is normal. An MRI of the brain shows no structural abnormalities, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrates abnormal electrical activity in the brain. What does he have?
Epilepsy
A 20-year-old college student develops a sudden high fever, severe headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light. During examination, he has difficulty bending his neck forward because of pain. A lumbar puncture reveals cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with elevated white blood cells, low glucose, and high protein.What does he have?
Bacterial Meningitis
A 34-year-old woman reports progressive weakness in both legs that began one week after recovering from a gastrointestinal illness. Over the next two days, the weakness spreads upward to involve her arms. She has difficulty climbing stairs and walking without assistance. Deep tendon reflexes are absent. A lumbar puncture shows elevated protein with a normal white blood cell count, and nerve conduction studies reveal slowed nerve conduction.What does she have?
Guillain–Barré Syndrome
A 29-year-old woman develops blurred vision and pain when moving her right eye. Two months later, she experiences numbness in her left arm and difficulty maintaining balance while walking. Her symptoms improve but return several months later. MRI of the brain reveals multiple white matter lesions, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis detects oligoclonal bands.What does she have?
Multiple Sclerosis
A 58-year-old man with a 15-year history of poorly controlled diabetes complains of burning pain, tingling, and numbness in both feet that has gradually worsened over the past year. He says the pain is worse at night and sometimes cannot feel small injuries on his feet. On examination, vibration sensation is reduced, and a monofilament test shows decreased protective sensation.What does he have?
Diabetic Neuropathy
what is a fun fact about the cerebrum?
***You can search this up if you would like****
**** Asking for a specific fun fact so each team gets 3 tries****
The cerebellum actually holds more than half of the brain's neurons while taking up only 10% of its volume